,22 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



This word "bala" seems the origin of the Sanscrit, Persian, and Arabic names, and may 

 therefore be regarded as an early specimen of the Barman language* 



" 340 B C " (Sm b. d.), total defeat of the Latins at mount Vesuvius by the consul T. Manlms 

 Torquatus, partly through the self devotion of his colleague P. Decius Mus. A son of T. Manhus 

 Torquatus, having contrary to orders engaged and slain an enemy in single combat, was put to death 

 by his father ; and the supremacy of Rome over Lalium was now established. 



The same year = " 20th year of Artaxerxes III. Ochus," mentioned in both the Maneth. tables. 



"In or about this year" (Lubke and Lulrow), at Priene in Asia Minor, building under the 

 architect Pytheos of the temple to Minerva. 



Various animals of "Ethiopia" or Abyssinia described by Dinon, as OPNI6AS : TOYS: 

 MONOKEPflS — (Aelian xvii. 10), the Abyssinian hornbill, Buceros. 



The Yi ■ TETPAKEPQS — the Abyssinian boar, Phacochoeres .If ham : mentioned also by 

 Agatharchides (Ael. v. 27) ; the " hoirSIaphon " seen and eaten in Abyssinia by Cosmas Indicopleustes 

 xi°p. 336, according to his accompanying figure, is clearly the same animal : 



And nPOBATA devoid of wool, TPIXAS . AE . KAMHAQN : EXONTA— the Somali or hairy 

 variety of the sheep (already mentioned). 



"339 B. C." (Diodor., and Clint.), the Carthaginian army defeated in Sicily at the river Crimisus 

 by Timoleon king of Syracuse. 



'•In this year" ( . . Sm. b. d.), at Athens, Speusippus succeeded by Xenocrates as head 

 of the Academic school of Philosophy. 



"The same year" (Syncell.), end of the Maneth. tables. Clearly the initial point of reckon- 

 ing, — notwithstanding that Arses is mentioned, and the death of Darius. (If however as Syncellus 

 further states, the point of reckoning is from the conquest of Egypt by Alexander, see B. C. 348). 



"338 B. C." (Clint, ii. p. 3S2, = 340 — "2 years" of the Afr.-Maneth. table, see Astronom. 

 can.), Artaxerxes III. succeeded by Arses, twelfth Persian emperor. He reigned only "two" 

 years (according to the Astronomical canon) ; and his name has not been found on the Egyptian 

 monuments. 



"The same year" (Dionys., Diodor., and ClinJ.), the Athenian and Theban armies defeated at 

 Chaeronea by Philip, and the last obstacle to his ascendancy over the States of Greece now removed. 

 On the battle-field, a colossal statue of a lion was erected: —mentioned by Pausanias ix. 40. 10; 

 but at the present day in fragments, and the only sepulchral monument of " the better days of Hellas, 

 with the exception perhaps of the tumulus of Marathon, the identity of which is beyond dispute" 

 (Mure in Sm. geogr. diet). 



Acacia fistula of the Upper Nile. A tree called by the Arabs " soffar " flute, by the natives of 

 Soudan "whistling tree" (Schweinf.) ; and the KieAPA plant of Clitonymus, growing on mount 

 Pangaeus from the blood of Orpheus, and emitting the sound of a harp during the Dionysia — (Plut. 

 flum. 3. 4). notwithstanding the different locality may be compared: A. fistula was observed by 

 Schweinfurth iii. in Lat. io° on the Upper Nile, conspicuous in the Acacia groves throughout an 

 area a hundred miles square, yielding gum, and the holes left by the departure of a gall-insect ren- 

 dered musical by the wind like "a thousand flutes give out their hollow dirge." 



"337 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, C. Sulpicius Longus and P. Aelius Paetus consuls, the first 

 plebeian praetor O. Publilius Philo. 



"336 B. C." (Eratosth., Arrian, and Clint.), Philip slain ; and the accession of his son Alexander 

 as king of Macedonia. 



* Croton thel-yen-7iee of Burmah. Its roots from early times employed by the natives as a cathar- 

 tic : — observed by Mason v. 492 abounding " in some parts especially on the Maulmain hills." 



" Crotoii thet-yen-ka-dau " of Burmah. A shrub three or four feet high, having similar properties 

 with the preceding — according to the natives : observed by Mason v. 492 frequent " in the neighbor- 

 hood of Rangoon," and found occasionally in Tenasserim. 



Alstonia t let-htuk of Burmah. An Apocynous tree, its bark employed from early times to cure 

 rheumatism, and its very white smooth wood to make yokes, — also chopped and boiled with jaggery 

 by the natives to mix in segars : observed by Mason v. 53S. 



Wrlghtia sp. of Burmah. A small Apocynous shrub, from early times employed as a vermifuge : 

 — observed by Mason v. 415 " abundant in the Toungoo forests." 



Cynomorinm sp. of Burmah. A fungus-like flowering plant, valuable as a styptic: — observed 

 by Wallich in Tenasserim, "parasitical on the roots of trees" (Mason v. 505). 



Colocasia odor a of the Siamese countries. The. fragrant arum called " peing-ma-haw-ya" 

 (Mason) cultivated from early times, — according to the Burmese " for medicine:" observed by 

 Voight, and Mason v. 436 to 816, the flowers said to be odorous. 



