338 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Philippus Aridaeus, Alexander IV., and their mother Roxana. Perdiccas in reality seeking the 

 government, was prevented by Ptolemy and put to death. The body of Alexander was then buried, 

 and the Royal family departed for Macedonia. — In the time of Strabo, the original golden sarco- 

 phagus having disappeared, the body was contained in one of glass. A sarcophagus of solid gold is 

 mentioned by Bonomi as recently discovered by Arabs in Egypt. 



"The same year" (Blair, and Sm. b. d.), near Beneventum in Italy, the defeated Romans 

 passing under the Samnite yoke. The peace made by the consuls, was however not ratified by the 

 home government, and war continued. 



Tiigondla elalior of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " emeron triphulli " or 

 "agria murothia" (Fraas) ; in which we recognize the " muroldtos " of ancient Greek writers — 

 (J. P. lex.) : the "16tos" herb according to Theophrastus vii. 8. 3 to 15. 3 has stem-leaves only, 

 and there are several kinds ; is mentioned as coronary by Theocritus xvii. 43 ; and the " lotos 

 agrios " of Dioscorides, growing mostly in Libya, two cubits high with leaves like those of the " lotS 

 triphull6" of gardens, and seed like fenugreek but much smaller, is referred here by writers : T. 

 elatior is termed "melilotus syriaca odora" by Lobel ii. pi. 42; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, 

 and Fraas, frequent in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus and Asia Minor. West- 

 ward, the 'T6tos agrios" or "livuon" or "triphullon" is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " tripho- 

 lioum minous " of the Romans ; and the " trifolium cujus minima sint folia" is mentioned by Pliny 

 xxi. 88: T. elatior is termed "lotus sylvestris ex codice cssareo " (illustr. ms. Diosc), also "trifo- 

 lium italicum sive melilotus italica corniculis incurvis " by Bauhin hist. ii. 372. T. corjiiatlata, 

 called in Greece " nikaki " (Sibth.), but regarded as perhaps not distinct (Steud.), was observed by 

 Sibthorp, and D'Urville, from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands ; and Westward, 

 is described by Gesner hort. f. 265; is termed "melilotus major" by Tragus 592, " m. italica '' by 

 Fuchsius 528, " trifolium cornicul itum alterum " by Dodoens 573, " fcenum-graecum sylvestre meliloti 

 facie " by Tournefort cor. 28 ; and is known to grow in various parts of Southern Europe (All., 

 and Pers.). 



Melilotus Messanensis of the East Mediterranean countries. Also called in Greece " emeYon 

 triphulli " (Fraas) ; and probably one of the kinds of "16tos " already known to the Greeks : — the 

 '• 16tos emeTos" of Dioscorides, springing up in gardens, its juice removing spots and cloudiness 

 from the eyes, identified in the added Synonyms with the '• triphullon '' or " trivolion " or " tripotbion," 

 is referred here by Sibthorp, and Fraas : M. Messanensis is termed " m. m. procumbens folliculis 

 rugosis sublongis spicis florum brevibus " by Tournefort inst. 407 ; was observed by Sibthorp, Bory, 

 and Fraas, in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus throughout Greece ; by Delile, around 

 Rosetta, Darnietta, and Cairo. Westward, was observed by Desfontaines ii. 192 in Barbary ; is 

 said to occur also in Italy and Sicily (Pers.), but seems unknown around Messina (Arrosli, and 

 Sibth. 1782). 



Trifolium resupinatum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Egypt "djulban" or " gurt " 

 (Forsk.); and possibly one of the kinds of "lotos" in question : — the " 16t6 triphullo " springing 

 up in "hortokopeiois" is mentioned by Dioscorides iv. no and in; the "gramine herba " called 

 "chortinon" from which oil is procured in Egypt, by Pliny xv. 7; and the "kurth," by Abu Hanifa, 

 Ebn Redwhan, and Ebn Baitar : T. resupinatum is termed "t. melilotus diffusa vel bicornis " by 

 Forskal, and was observed by him, and Delile, at Rosetta Darnietta and Cairo ; by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, frequent throughout Greece and the Greek islands. Westward, is described by Bauhin 

 hist. ii. 379, and Barrelier pi. 872 ; is termed "t. pratense folliculatum" by Tournefort inst. 404; 

 and is known to grow seemingly wild as far as middle Europe : was once introduced into England, 

 where it continued many years, but finally disappeared (Wals. cyb. 301, and A. Dec ). 



" 320 B. C. = 1st year of Chin-tseng-wang, of the Tcheou " or Fifth dynasty (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



In his reign (Pauth. 193), more than " eighty thousand " persons slain in civil or rather feudatory 

 warfare by the adherents of the prince of Thsin. 



Taheiti colonized directly or indirectly from the Samoan Islands, the "mother country " of the 

 Polynesians (next after "Pulotu" or "Purotu"), long before — the Marquesas (J. Williams miss. ent. 

 57, and Hale ethnog. Expl. exp. 120 to 14S. See Taumaco). 



Urena lobala of Tropical Africa and Asia. A suffruticose weed called on the Upper Nile 

 "milenda " (Grant), in Hindustanee and Bengalee "bun-okra " (Drur. p. 4S3) ; and carried to Taheiti 

 possibly by the first colonists : * — occurring on the islands of the Pacific in the clays of Rumphius 



* Urena sinitata, closely allied, but regarded as distinct. Called in the environs of Bombay 

 "jungly kapas " (Graham) ; and known as far as the. Feejeean Islands as early perhaps as this date : 

 — observed a weed there by myself; is described by Rumphius vi. pi. 25 ; was observed by Rheede 

 x. pi. 2, in Malabar ; by Graham, " common in waste lands " in the environs of Bombay ;' by Rox- 



