OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



339 



vi. pi. 25 (A. Dec.) ; observed by myself in cultivated ground and neglected clearings on the Tahei- 

 tian, Samoan, Tongan, and Feejeean Islands ; by Rumphius, and myself, in the Malayan archipelago ; 

 known to occur also in China (Pers.) ; was observed by Mason v. 519 in Burmah, "a weed which 

 abounds all over the coast " and is used for making cordage ; by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight, 

 "common in most parts of India" and useful for its fibres ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, "com- 

 mon in waste places during the rains ; " but according to A. Decandolle is not known to have a 

 Sanscrit name. Westward, was observed by Grant from " 2° to 3 N." along the Nile, frequent 

 and its bark made into cordage; is known to grow 'also in Western Equatorial Africa (J. D. Hook., 

 and Benth. fl. nigr. 226). By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands and the 

 West Indies (Descourtilz), no Carib name being given; to Southern Brazil, observed by myself 

 frequent in the outskirts of Rio Janeiro. Transported to Europe, is described by Dillenius elth. pi. 

 319, and Linnaeus. 



"318 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), M. Foslius Flaccinator and L. Plautius Venno consuls at Rome. 

 Truce with the Samnites for two years. 



"The same year" (Lubke and Lutrow), at Athens, the Choragic monument of Thrasyllus 

 erected. 



As early perhaps as this year, the physician Apollodorus writing to king Ptolemy on the different 

 kinds of wine, those of Italy being as yet unknown — (Plin. xiv. 9). 



Ajuga iva of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Egypt " missreka " (Forsk.) or " meskeh " 

 (Del); and the X AM A I n I TY C identified by Apollodorus with the IONIAN of the Athenians or 

 CIAHPITIN of Euboea or O AOKYPO N — (Athen. xv. 28), may be compared: the "ionia" is 

 enumerated by Theophrastus ii. 1. 3 to vi. 1. 1 among frutescent small-leaved coronary plants; is 

 identified through Syn. Diosc. with the "olokuron" of Pontus ; and according to Dioscorides, the 

 " hamaipitus " having leaves like " aSiz66 mikro " is used at Heraclea in Pontus as an antidote against 

 "akoniton; " is further identified in the added Synonyms with the "aima athenas " of the prophets : 

 A. iva is termed " c. moschata foliis serratis, an prima Dioscoridis " by Tournefort inst. 208 ; was 

 observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus and Crete throughout the Greek 

 islands ; by Forskal p. 158, and Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, the 

 " hamaipitus " or " pitusorusin " or " or£izelon " or " vrudnian agrian " is identified in Syn. Diosc. 

 with the " thohfila " of the Dacians, and " kupripoum " of the Romans : A. iva is described by 

 Clusius hist. ii. 186 ; was observed by Lenz in Italy ; and is known to grow in dry sandy situations 

 throughout Southern Europe (Cav. pi. 120, and Pers.). 



Asclepias Dioscoridis of the East Mediterranean countries. The KIPKAIAN: PIZAN prescribed 

 by Apollodorus — • (Athen. iii. 15. 6), clearing the matrix according to Dioscorides, growing in stony 

 airy and sunny situations, its several shoots with numerous small black flowers, " k6ghro£ithe " fruit 

 within as if horns inducing abundance of milk, may be compired : is identified in the added Synonyms 

 with the "thirkaian:" A. Dioscoridis with flowers " nigro purpureis " is described by Fraas, as 

 observed at Delphi on Euboea. at the elevation of three thousand feet. 



Cynanchnm 'nigrum of the West Mediterranean countries. — Referred here by Anguillara p. 229 

 (Spreng.) : C. nigrum has not been observed in Greece, but is known to grow on the hills of Italy 

 and Southern France (Pers., and Lenz). 



Heliotropium Europceum of Tropical Arabia. Called in Italian drug-shops " verrucaria " (Lenz), 



burgh, Royle, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the fibres .of its bark of like quality with those of U. 

 lobata. Transported to Europe, is described by Linnaeus 



Colubrina Asiatica of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A shrub called 

 in the environs of Bombay "gootee" (Graham); and known doubtless to the first colonists of 

 Taheiti : — observed by myself in clearings and natural openings on the Taheitian, Samoan, Tongan, 

 and Feejeean Islands, but not in the inland forest, seemingly indigenous also in the Malayan archi- 

 pelago ; is known to grow on Luzon (Pers.) ; is enumerated by Mason as indigenous in Burmah ; 

 was observed by Burmann pi. 48 on Ceylon; by Rheede v. pi. 47, in Malabar; by Roxburgh, and 

 Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; and by Graham, as far as Bombay, " common on Elephanta 

 and the Ghauts." 



Melastoma Malabalhrica of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A shrub 

 called in Tagalo "buyong" (Blanco) ; and known at least to the first colonists of Taheiti : — observed 

 by myself in clearings and natural openings on the Taheitian, Samoan, and Feejeean Islands and 

 in the Malayan archipelago, but nowhere producing edible fruit; by Blanco on the Philippines, a 

 single branch brought from Cebu ; by Jack (linn, trans, xiv. 4). abundant on Sumatra and the neigh- 

 bouring islands ; by Burmann pi. 73, on Ceylon ; by Rheede iv. pi. 42, in Malabar; by Nimmo, in 

 the Southern Concan, and by Lush "about Asunwaree " in the Southern Mahratta country (Graham) ; 

 by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan. 



