342 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Crete and Southern Greece. Westward, the "anthrahnen agrian " is further identified in Syn. Diosc, 

 and by Pliny, with the " illekevran " of the Romans ; " illecebrae " is prescribed against calculus by 

 Scribonius Largus, and according to Pliny xxv. 103 is besides collected for food : S. stellatum is 

 described by Camerarius hort. pi. 2, and Columna phyt. pi. 11 ; is termed " s. echinatum vel stella- 

 tum fiore albo" by Tournefort inst 263 ; and is known to grow in Italy and Southern France (Pers., 

 and Spreng. ; see S. telephium, and S. altissimum). 



Buphurum jiincciiiii of the Mediterranean countries. The name " bupleuro " is given in Italy 

 to an allied species (Lenz), but the BOYnAEYPON or BOYIlPHCTICof 1 Mul. morb. 619, com- 

 mended as food by " Hippocrates," — Lycon, Epaenetus, Antigonus, and as medicine by " Glaucon, 

 and Nicander" (Plin. xxii. 35), seems referred here by Dodoens : the " vouprestis " herb is men- 

 tioned also by Theophrastus vii. 7. 3, and Galen : B. junceum "a foot and a half high " was observed 

 by Sibthorp near Smyrna. Westward, the " bupleuron " classed by the Greeks among spontaneous 

 potherbs, is according to Pliny xxii. 35 a cubit high with numerous long leaves and " capite anethi : " 

 B. junceum is described by Dodoens pempt. pi. 633; is termed " b. annuum angustifolium " by 

 Tournefort inst. 310, " isophyllum junceum" by Hoffmann, as observed by him in Germany; is 

 known to grow also in Italy, Switzerland, and France (Pers.). 



Laserpitium siler of the mountains of middle and Eastern Europe. The CECEAhMACCAAIC 

 T I KON prescribed in 1 Mul. morb. 108, — having according to Dioscorides " marathrS "-like leaves, 

 an "aneth6 "-like umbel, fruit quickly "thrimus " acrid or bitter, and in the added Synonyms iden- 

 tified with the " sphagnon," is referred here by Valerius Cordus (Spreng.) : L. siler was observed 

 by Sibthorp at Delphi and on other high mountains of Greece, the seeds as in all the species 

 intensely bitter. Westward, is described by C. Bauhin pin. 162, and Morison ix. pi. 3 ; is termed 

 " ligusticum quod seseli officinarum " by Tournefort inst. 323 ; and is known to grow in Austria, 

 Switzerland, and France (Jacq. austr. pi. 145, and Pers.). 



Sen-// tortuosum of the Mediterranean countries. The "sese'li massal£6tikon " — is however 

 referred here by Anguillara, Matthioli, Lobel, Clusius, and Sprengel : S. tortuosum is known to grow 

 in Albania (Fraas) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Gittard, in Greece ; and by Pallas, and Guelden- 

 staedt, farther East (Steud.). Westward, is described by Anguillara, Lobel adv. 352, and Bauhin 

 hist.iii.pl. 16; is termed "foeniculum tortuosum" by Tournefort inst. 311; is known to .grow in 

 North Italy (Lenz) ; and was observed by Forskal near Marseilles. 



Ferula Persic a of Persia. The sagapcnum of commerce is called in Persian " sagapina " (Jao 

 de Sousa), in Arabic " sekhbinedsch " (Spreng.); in which we recognize the CATAnENOY of 1 Mul. 

 morb. 10S, — described by Dioscorides as the juice of a Ferulaceous plant growing in Media, mentioned 

 also by Celsus, Galen, Marcellus, Oribasius, Paulus Aegineta, and in the days of Plinv xix. 15 used 

 for adulterating the "laser" asafcetida of Persia, Media, and Armenia: " sekhbinej " is mentioned 

 by Rhazes, Avicenna, Ebn Baitar, and according to Mesue 79 is the product of a '■ tree, an oleander 

 of the mountains." F. Persica was sent from Persia by Michaux as the source of asafcetida ; is 

 regarded by Nees and Eber-maier " as one of the plants yielding " this substance, and according to 

 Lindley "probably with justice." 



Peuicdanum nodosum of Crete. The A A Y K Y: A I 6 I On I KO Y whose root and fruits are pre- 

 scribed in 1 Mul. morb. 56, — may be compared, one of the kinds of "thaukos" being referred here 

 by Honorius Bellus (ad Clus. 301) : the " thaukon thaphno£ithc5s krokogn " is enumerated by Theo- 

 phrastus ix. 15. 5 to 8 as growing in Arcadia and of excellent quality about Patras, heating, the root 

 black; and four kinds of "dauci " are distinguished by Petronius Diodotus (Plin. xxv. 64) : P. nodo- 

 sum, yellow-flowered, is described by Linnaeus, and is known to grow on Crete, where it is extremely 

 rare (Pers., and Spreng.). " P. creticum" of Decandolle is regarded by Chaubard, as perhaps not 

 distinct, together with " Ferula geniculata " observed by him, and Fraas, on high mountains of the 

 Peloponnesus and Southern Greece, and by Gussone prodr. as far as Sicily. 



lltapsia fectida of the Mediterranean countries. An Umbelliferous plant called in Greece 

 "polukarpos" (Sibth); and possibly the riOAYKAPnON prescribed in 1 Mul. morb. 90 : — T. fcetida 

 was observed by Sibthorp on Zacynthus and Cyprus. Westward, is described by Lobel ic. 7S0, 

 Morison ix. pi. 18, and Blackwell pi. 459; and is known to grow in Spain (Pers. ; see T. Garganica, 

 and Opopanax chironium). 



Crucianella Monspcliaca of the Mediterranean countries. A Rubiaceous plant called in Ger- 

 many "kreuzblatt," in Greece " agriositaro " (Fraas) ; and the " polukarpon '' in question — is iden- 

 tified by Galen with the "krataiogonon," described by Theophrastus ix. 18. 6 as springing up like 

 "linon purinon " its fruit as in " keghros," by Dioscorides as growing in shady bushy places and 

 very acrid, and referred here by Fraas : the " krataiogonon " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the 

 "krataionon," is mentioned also by Paulus Aegineta : C. Monspeliaca was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fra is, frequent in hilly situations from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek 

 islands ; is known to grow also in Palestine (Pers.). Westward, the " crataeogonon " is described by 



