OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 343 



Pliny xxvii. 40 as " spicae tritici simile" with many much-geniculated stems from one root, yet his 

 account seems chiefly taken from the Greek : C. Monspeliaca is termed "rubeola supina spica longis- 

 sima " by Tournefort inst. 130 ; and is known to grow in Southern France (Pers.). 



Pulicaria dysenterica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain fleabane 

 (Prior and Lindl.) ; and the KONYZHC:HAYOCMOY prescribed in 1 Mul. morb. 108, — or "euo- 

 thous " of Apollonius (Galen comp. med. loc. ii. I), may be compared : P. dysenterica was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in moist places from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, 

 the leaves of the coronary " conyzae feminae " according to Pliny xxi. 32 have the odour of honey : 

 the "policarie " is mentioned by Franciscus Pedemontium : P. dysenterica is termed "aster pratensis 

 autumnalis conyzae folio " by Tournefort inst. 482, " inula conyzaea " by Lamarck fl. fr. ; was observed 

 by Scopoli in Carniolia, by Allioni in Piedmont (Steud.) ; and is known to grow throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 410, and Pers.). The herb according to Lindley is " more 

 or less woolly or cottony, glutinous, with a peculiar acid aromatic scent, somewhat like the flavour of 

 peaches ; " and according to Keith cured the Russian army of dysentery (Linn. fl. suec. 294), but its 

 medicinal virtues are discredited by Haller. 



Onosma echioides of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A Boragineous plant called in 

 Greece " vrahotzikla" (Fraas) ; by whom the CX E A I AC : M ET AA H of 1 Mul. morb. 101 — is referred 

 here conjecturally : O. echioides was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the 

 Peloponnesus to the shores of the Black Sea; and is known to grow farther East (Bieb.). West- 

 ward, is termed "Symphytum echii folio ampliore radice rubra flore luteo " by Tournefort inst. 138 ; 

 was observed by Lenz in Italy ; and is known to grow as far as middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 295, 

 and Pers.). 



Satureja Juliana of the Mediterranean countries. A species of savoury called in Greece 

 "ussopo " (Sibth.), in Egyptian "p<5sal£m " (Syn. Diosc.) ; in which we recognize the YC CflllO C of 

 3 Mul. morb. 490, — Nicander ther. 872, Cratevas (Anguillar 198). produced according to Dioscorides 

 of the best quality in Cilicia : S. Juliana was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, abounding 

 on Crete and the Peloponnesus. Westward, the " ussSpos " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the 

 " ussSpoum " or " latfir " or " kassiala " of the Rom.ins ; " hyssopum " is mentioned as edible by 

 Celsus ii. 21, "vinum hyssopiten " by Columella xii 35, and "hyssopum cum vino decoctum " by 

 Pliny xxvi. 11 S. Juliana is described by Matthioli p. 693, and Caesalpinus xi. 39 (Spreng.) ; is 

 termed " thymbra Sancti Juliani sive satureja vera " by Tournefort inst. 19S ; and is known to grow 

 wild in Italy (Pers., and Lenz). 



Satureja Grceca, regarded by Bory as perhaps not distinct, is also called in Greece " ussopo," 

 but sometimes "throumpi," and by the Turks " supha " (Forsk.) ; was observed by Alpinus exot. 

 pi. 264, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on Crete and the Peloponnesus : eating " Greek hyssop " is men- 

 tioned in the Talmud (Kitt. bibl. cycl. ii. 533) ; " zufa " is compared with maiorana by Isaac Ebn 

 Amran, with thyme by Mesue ; and " hyssopus " from Palestine, and " syrupus hyssopi " called 

 " scherab zufe," were found by Forskal mat. med. employed medicinally in Egypt. 6". nervosa, also 

 regarded by Bory as not distinct, was observed by Sibthorp on Zacynthus and called there " ezSpon ; " 

 and by Desfontaines pi. 121 on the Atlas mountains (Pers ). 



Satureja montana of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Italy " santoreggia " or at Verona 

 "isopo" (Lenz); in which we recognize the "ussSpoum" of the Romans identified through Syn. 

 Diosc. with the " uss6pos " in question : — the " orgine " kind distinguished by Dioscorides, seems 

 to correspond : S. montana was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos ; and is known to grow farther 

 East (Pall., and Steud.). Westward, is termed " calamintha frutescens satureja; folio facie et odore " 

 by Tournefort inst. 194 ; was observed by Lenz wild in Italy ; and is known to grow in other parts 

 of Southern Europe (Pers.). 



Ziziphora capitata of the East Mediterranean countries. The nOAYKNHMON of 1 Mul. 

 morb. 90, whose leaves are prescribed in Sterilib. 24, — mentioned also by Nicander, and fragrant 

 according to Dioscorides, is referred here by Fraas : Z. capitata is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 

 164; is termed "thymus humilis latifolius " by Buxbaum cent. iii. pi. 51 ; was observed by Sibthorp, 

 and Fraas, from Boeotia to Cyprus ; is known to grow also in Syria, Armenia, and Siberia (Pers.). 

 Westward, the "poluknemon" or " klinopethion " or " polugonaton " or "thios elakate " or "£h£onu- 

 mon " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " poutialogonthria " of the Romans ; the " polycnemon " 

 is mentioned also by Pliny xxvi. 88, but his account seems taken from Dioscorides. 



Chenopodium {Agathophytum) bonus-henricus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. 

 Called in Britain wild spinage (Petiv.) or altgood or good henry, in Holland " goeden henrik," 

 by Cordus " weyss heyderich " or "gut heynrich." in Germany " guter heinrich " (Prior) or 

 "schmerbel," in Old French " sars " or " sarron " or "serrones," in Switzerland " mangauns " or 

 "vauno-as "or " voungas " or "heilmeln" (A. Dec), in Greece " agriospanakia " (Sibth.); and 

 possibly the ANAPA#A3IA0C ATPIHC whose fruit is prescribed in I Mul. morb. 31,— 



