348 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"In this year" (Diodor., and Clint.), by Demetrius Poliorcetes, Athens liberated; Demetrius 



Phalerius escaping to Egypt. 



Phanias of Eresus, a pupil of Aristotle and the contemporary and friend of Theophrastus 



^ Malva rotundifolia of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain WW 

 (Jossel. and Ainsw.), in France "mauve" (Nugent), in Germany "runde kasepappel (Fraas) m 

 Italy "malva" (Lenz), in Greece "moloha" or "molohe" (Sibth.) or " agna moloha (Fraas), in 

 Yemen "hobsen" (Forsk.); in which we recognize the MAAAXH whose seed-vessel resembling 

 a sea-urchin in its markings according to Phanias is called [1AAKOYC cakes, - described by 

 Theophrastus vii 8 I as " epigSiokaula " its stem resting on the ground, and called 'molohe 

 before the days of Athenaeus ii. 5?: the " malahe hSrsaia" of Dioscorides may also be compared: 

 M. rotundifolia was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in fallow ground from the 

 Peloponnesus to Asia Minor; by Forskal, among the mountains of Yemen, and "aqua Malv. rotun- 

 difol" called "habize" in the drug-shops of Egypt Westward, the " moloche " is mentioned by 

 Columella x. 247 ; several kinds of " malva," by Pliny xx. 84 ; and the " malva" flagging in the heat 

 as understood by Gildas ep. 59 writing in Britain, seems to belong here : M. rotundifolia is termed 

 "m. vulgaris flore minore folio rotundo " by Tournefort inst. 95; was observed by Lenz in Italy, 

 used there medicinally ; and is known to occur in waste places as far as Denmark (n. Dan. pi. 721, 

 and Pers.). By European colonists, was carried before 1669 (Joss.) to Northeast America, where 

 it continues along roadsides and around dwellings in our Atlantic States, even according to Chapman 

 in the far South. (See M. sylvestris). 



Echinophora Umtifolia of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " valtohorton " 

 (Fraas); and the MYH*ONON of Phanias, — enumerated by Theophrastus vi. 1. 4 among 

 striate-stemmed ferulaceous plants, by Pliny xxi. 30 as coronary, may be compared : E. tenuifolia 

 is described by Columna ecphr. i. pi. 101 ; is termed " e. pastinaca? folio" by Tournefort inst. 656; 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna, by Chaubard on 

 Antiparos, one of the two plants surviving the September heat of the sun ; is known to grow as 

 far West as the Southern extreme of Italy; and as cultivated by Sprengel proved extremely 



fragrant. 



" 306 B. C." (Diodor., and Clint.), the forces of Ptolemy defeated in naval combat by Demetrius 

 Poliorcetes. The title of " king" now assumed by Ptolemy and three other of Alexander's generals, 

 Seleucus, Lysimachus, and Antigonus. A daughter of Antigonus, Berenice, became the wife of 

 Ptolemy (Plin. xxvii. 8, and Tzetz.). 



The hieroglyphic ovals of Ptolemy, not earlier therefore than this date. Obelisks now for the 

 first time removed from their original site ; two being brought by Ptolemy from Heliopolis to Alex- 

 andria: — where they remain, one of them upright to the present day. 



"In this year" (D. Laert. v. 38, Spreng., and Sm. b. d.), the philosophers, including Theo- 

 phrastus, banished from Athens. — The law was repealed in the following year, and the philosophers 

 returned. 



The MYKHTEC: AnOAieOYMENOI of the Erythraean Sea mentioned by Theophrastus 

 iv. 7 — a re referred by Lenz to corals : and may be compared especially with the genus Fun^ia. 



Uvaria naruin of Western Hindustan. A climbing shrub called in Malabar " narum-panel" 

 (Drur.) ; in which we recognize the N A I PON enumerated among perfumes by Theophrastus ix. 7. 

 3 : — u. narum was observed by Rheede ii. pi. 19 in Malabar, the roots fragrant and aromatic, yield- 

 ing a sweet-scented greenish oil which is employed medicinally ; by Graham, in " the Concans " as 

 far North as Bombay ; by Wight, and Drury, Southward to Travancore. 



Diospyros ebenastcr of Tropical Hindustan and Ceylon. A sort of EBENOY:nOIKIAHC 

 variegated ebony is mentioned by Theophrastus v. 3. 2 as the product of a large tree with beautiful 

 foliage and resembling the pear: — the Indian " £v£nos '' is described by Dioscorides as inferior 

 to the Ethiopian kind and marked with light or tawny bands and spots (see also Salmas. comm. 

 Solin. 727) : D. ebenaster is described by Rumphius i. pi. 6 ; was observed by Retz v. 33 near 

 Calcutta (Pers.) ; is known to grow in other parts of Hindustan and on Ceylon, the wood according 

 to Tennent i. 117 of extreme beauty; the prevailing black stained with stripes of rich brown, approach- 

 ing to yellow and pink, but the heart never sound (Drury). 



around Bombay, its " leaves deciduous after the rains ; " by Wight, one of the most commonly 

 cultivated and best known trees in the peninsula, planted in avenues, and its wood useful ; by Rox- 

 burgh, Ainslie, and Royle, as far as Bengal, its bark leaves and exuded gum employed medicinally ; 

 by Mason v. 540, in Burmah, " not uncommon from Maulmain to Toungoo " and producing " a valu- 

 able timber," the trunk according to Berdmore attaining " a girth of twelve feet." 



