OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 349 



Euphorbia heptagona of Southern Africa. The PIZA: 6ANHT0*0P0C of Ethiopia in 

 which arrows are dipped, mentioned by Theophrastus ix. 15. 2, — maybe compared: E. heptagona 

 is described by Bradley succ. ii. pi. 13, Boerhave lugd. i. pi. 258, and according to Yirey "the Ethio- 

 pians tip their arrows with the milk which is a mortal poison; " is further attributed by Lindley to 

 the " Cape of Good Hope." The Wazaramo, a Negro tribe inhabiting the coast opposite Zanzibar, 

 were found by Speke ii. 2 to keep their arrows "well poisoned." 



Zygia sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A very large tree, the largest in Uhiyow in " 7° S.," 

 called " m'koondee " (Grant), and the pods probably already " used for lashing round poisoned arrows 

 ' instead of leather : " — the pods also " said to be edible," and the wood which " takes a fine polish " 

 used for boats and drums (Speke trav. app.). 



Scirpus (Eleocharis) palustris of Temperate Climates. Called in Britain club-rush (Prior) ; and 

 the TY*H of Theophrastus iv. 10, leafless and growing in and around the Orchomenian lake, — its 

 smooth stem according to Dioscorides having around the summit a densely-crowded " SkpappoumS- 

 non " flower, may be compared : E. palustris was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in marshes 

 from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands ; by Forskal, Jomard, and Delile, in Egypt as 

 far .as the Fayoum ; is known to grow in the Tauro-Caspian countries (Bieb.) and Siberia (Wats.). 

 Westward, is termed " s. equiseti capitulo majori " by Tournefort inst. 528 ; was observed by Brotero 

 ih Portugal ; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and 

 Iceland (Hook., fl. Dan. pi. 273, and Wats.). Farther West, is known to grow throughout our Atlan- 

 tic States as far as Florida (Muhl., Nutt., A. Gray, and Chapm.) ; was observed by Short in Ken- 

 tucky ; by Nuttall, along the Arkansas ; and was received by Kunth from the Hawaiian Islands. In 

 the Southern Hemisphere, was observed by Baldwin in the Banda Oriental ; by J. D. Hooker, in 

 Patagonia and on the Falkland Islands (A. Dec.) ; and was received by Kunth from Austral Africa. 

 Phalaris paradoxa of the Mediterranean countries. A grass called in Greece " alepounoura " 

 (Sibth.); in which we recognize the AAQI1EKOYPOC of Theophrastus vii. 11. 2 having a spike 

 neither acute nor pointed, but soft and downy like a fox's tail, and flowering in successive portions : 

 — P. paradoxa was observed by Sibthorp, and Bory, frequent in cultivated ground from the Pelo- 

 ponnesus throughout Greece ; by Delile, around Salehyeh in Lower Egypt. Westward, is termed 

 "gramen spicatum perenne semine milUceo radice repente," by Tournefort inst. 519 (Desf.) ; and is 

 known to occur as far as Portugal (Pers.). 



Alopecurus utriculatus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Also called in Greece 

 " alepounoura " (Sibth.) ; and possibly included in the " alSpSkouros " of Theophrastus : — A. utricu- 

 latus was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in waste places and grassy situations from 

 the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, is termed "gramen spicatum pratense spica ex 

 utriculo prodeunte " by Tournefort inst. 519, "phalaris utriculata " by Linnaeus; was observed by 

 Scopoli insubr. pi. 12, and Savi, in Italy as far as Milan (Pers.). 



Polypogon Monspeliense of the shores of the Mediterranean and adjoining portion of the Atlantic. 

 A grass called in Greece " al6penoura " (Fraas), in Egypt " deyl el-far " mouse tail (Del.) ; and the 

 " al6p<5kour6s '' of Theophrastus — is referred here by Fraas: the " teil " grass is mentioned in 

 Stephanus' translation of Haly Abbas ; and the " thil " grass by Ebn Baitar : P. Monspeliense was 

 observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna; 

 by Forskal, and Delile, as far as Cairo ; and by myself frequent on the river-flat of the Nile as far 

 as Thebes. Westward, the account of the " alopecuros " by Pliny xxi. 61 seems taken from Theo- 

 phrastus ; but the "teil" grass is mentioned by Michael de Capella : P. Monspeliense is described 

 by Barrelier pi. 115 ; is termed " panicum maritimum spica longiore villosa" by Tournefort inst. 515 ; 

 was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia, by Savi in Italy, by Desfontaines atl. in Barbary ; and is known 

 to grow along the Atlantic as far as Britain (Huds., Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). By European traders 

 and colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it has become naturalized on the Isle of 

 Shoals (A. Gray), and near the sea in South Carolina (Ell., and Chapm.). 



Hordeum bulbosum of the Mediterranean countries. The CTEA E*OYPOC according to Theo- 

 phrastus vii. 11. 2 by some called APNOTAQCCON or PTYI , its spike flowering throughout at once 

 like that of wheat, and the whole plant resembling wheat n Y PO except that the leaves are broader, — 

 may be compared : H. bulbosum is termed " gramen creticum spicatum secalinum altissimum tuberosa 

 radice " by Tournefort cor. 39 ; was observed by Chaubard in all grassy places in the Peloponnesus ; 

 by Sibthorp in maritime sand on Cyprus; and was received by Fischer from the Tauro-Caspian 

 countries (Steud.). Westward, is described by Barrelier pi. 112; is known to grow in Italy (Pers.), 

 and on the arid plains of Tunis (Desf. i. pi. 37, and Schousb. maroc). 



Aeailops ovata of the Mediterranean countries. A grass called in Italy " cerere " or " grano 

 delle formiche " or " egilope " (Lenz), in Greece " makroggnni " or " agriositaro " or " sitherostaro " 

 (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the AiriAanOCof Theophrastus vii. 13. 5 to caus. iv. 16. 2, grow- 

 ing among barley and n OAYXITGN having many tunics, — mentioned also by Nicander ther. 857, 



