OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 35 1 



contact according to Theophrastus — (Plin. xxvi. 63), or "saturion gruthronion " of Dioscorides, 

 growing in mountainous situations, its seed like flax, root pleasant tasted and said to be aphrodisiac 

 if held in the hand, is referred here by Lobel : the " saturion Sruthronion " or " s. Sruthraikon " or 

 "melion to 2n udasin " or "Sntatikon'' or "priapiskon e morion" or "saturiskos" or " orhis satu- 

 rou " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "molortikouloum v£n£ris" of the Romans; "satyrii ery- 

 thraicon " according to Pliny xxvi. 63 is administered to rams and goats, and by the Sannatians to 

 horses: E. dens canis is described by Gesner hort. f. 261, and Lobel obs. 97 (Spreng.) ; has not 

 been observed in Greece; but is known to grow throughout middle Europe (Lam. fl. fr.) ; was ob- 

 served by Gmelin i. pi. 7 in Siberia ; by Siebold on Yeso, and by the Japanese called "katakuri," by 

 the Ainos "kiktori." 



Muscari race7nosum of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain grnpe-hyacinth (Prior), 

 in Greece "vourvos" (Sibth.) ; and the BOABINH of Theophrastus vii. 13. 9 — maybe compared: 

 M. racemosum is among the kinds found by Anguillara sempl. p. 120 eaten on Crete, Zacynthus, and 

 Corcyra, as well as in Italy (Spreng.); was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the Pelopon- 

 nesus and on the mountains of Crete. Westward, is described by Dodoens hist. p. 217, and Dale- 

 champ 1502 (Spreng); is termed " m. arvense juncifolium casruleum minus " by Tournefort inst. 

 348 ; is known to occur in France and middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 187, and A. Dec), but is 

 regarded by Watson cyb. ii. 461 as exotic in Britain. 



Crocus nudiflorus of the mountains of the Mediterranean countries. The scentless K-POKOC: 

 0: AEYKOCof Theophrastus vii. 7. 4 — may be compared : C. nudiflorus was observed by Sibthorp 

 on mount Athos. Westward, is termed " c. autumnalis sativo similis florum capillamentis tenuissimis 

 minus odoris flore candidissimo " by Tournefort cor. 25 ; and is known to grow along the Pyrenees 

 (Ramond, Lapeyr., Brot , Engl. bot. pi. 491, and Pers.). 



Crocus minimus of the mountains of the East Mediterranean countries. The KPOKOC: AKAN 

 eiJAHC: KAI: AOCMOC of Theophrastus vii. 7.4 — is referred here by Fraas : C. minimus was 

 observed by him in the middle region of the loftier mountains of Greece. Farther West, is termed 

 "c. Imperati " by Tenore as observed in Italy ; is described also by Decandolle. 



Iris foetidissima of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain gladdon (Prior), 

 in Italy "ricottaria" or "'spatula fetida" (Lenz) ; in which we recognize the "glathioloum " or "irim 

 agrSste'm" of the Romans identified through Syn. Diosc. with the 3 I P I C of Theophrastus ix. 8. 7, 

 — or " xuris " having according to Dioscorides red seeds and the flowers purple with a dark red cen- 

 tre : I. foetidissima was observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople. Westward, the " xuris " or 

 "irin agrian " or " kakos " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " aprous " of the Dacians, and the 

 irin "sylvestrem " called " xyrin " is enumerated by Pliny xxi. 83 : I. foetidissima is described -by 

 Matthioli (Spreng.); is termed ' i. foetidissima sen xyris " by Tournefort inst. 360; and is known to 

 grow in Italy, Barbary, and throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Pers.). 



Lemna trisulca of Northern and Austral Climates. An aquatic plant ; and the A EAA N A of Theo- 

 phrastus iv. 10. I, growing under the water of the Orchomenian Lake, — is referred here by Biller- 

 beck, and others : L. trisulca was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to 

 Constantinople ; is known to grow also around Caucasus and in Northern Asia (Bieb., and A. Dec), 

 and as far even as Bengal (Kunth). Westward, is described by Micheli pi. 11 ; was observed by 

 Scopoli in Carniolia, by Haller 1901 in Switzerland ; is known to grow from Italy to Lapland (Pers., 

 Fries, and Wats.), also on the Canaries, Madeira, and the Azores (A. Dec. 1004). Farther West, is 

 known to grow in North America as far as Lat. 58° (Hook.); was observed by Drummond at 54 on 

 the Saskatchawan, by Short in Kentucky, by myself near Boston, by Conrad near Philadelphia, and 

 was received by Muhlenberg from the Cherokee country on the Southern extreme of the Alleghanies. 

 In the Southern Hemisphere, was observed by R. Brown p. 345 in Tasmania and Southeast Aus- 

 tralia. 



Clematis viticella of the Mediterranean countries. The 0INAN6H: ATPIA described by Theo- 

 phrastus v. 9. 6 as a woody vine climbing around trees, — may be compared. C viticella was 

 observed by Sibthorp in hedges around the Nicasan Lake in Bithynia. Westward, is termed " c. 

 purpurea repens " by Tournefort inst., 294, " lugubris" by Salisbury (Steud.) ; and is known to 

 grow in hedges in Italy and Spain (Pers.). 



Anemone nemorosa of Northern climates. The ANEMQNHC:OPEION flowering according 

 to Theophrastus vi. 8. I in the early spring, — may be compared: A. nemorosa was observed by 

 Sibthorp in woods on mount Parnassus ; is known to grow also on Caucasus (Bieb.), on the Volga 

 as far as." Lat. 53 " (Pall.), and in Siberia (Dec). Westward, is termed " wood-crowfoot " by Park- 

 kinson (Prior), "ranunculus phragmites albus vernus " by Tournefort inst. 285 ; was observed by 

 Savi on the Appenines ; by Brotero, on the mountains of Portugal; and is known to grow through- 

 out middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 549, Curt. lond. ii. pi. 38, and Pers.). Farther 

 West is known to grow in North America from the Lower St. Lawrence to Lat. 40 along the Atlan- 



