354 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



maple, in Anglo-Saxon " mapel-treow " or " mapulder," by Galfridus pr. pm. " mapulle," in Germany 

 "massholder," in old high German "mazel-dera" (Prior), in Italy "oppio" or " loppo " or " acero " 

 (Lenz); and the second kind of C<J> E N A A M N Y, rare according to Theophrastus in. n. I and 

 called ZYTIA, its wood yellow soft and OYAON curled in fibre, — is referred here by writers : A. 

 campestre was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Fraas, from the mountains of the Peloponnesus 

 to Constantinople; by Clot-Bey, in the gardens of Egypt. Westward, the " acer " prized for its 

 variegated wood is mentioned by Ovid ; that with spots resembling a peacock's tail produced accord- 

 ing to Pliny xvi. 26 chiefly in Istria and Rhaetia : A. campestre is termed "a. campestre et minus" 

 by Tournefort inst. 615; was observed by Lenz in Italy; and is known to grow wild throughout 

 middle Europe (Pers.) ; drinking-bowls made of the knotty parts of its wood are called in medieval 

 Latin "scyphi maserini," in old high German " masar " (Prior). 



Acer platanoides of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy "acero plata- 

 noide"or "acero riccio " (Lenz); and the C*ENAAMNOC : A X P I A useless for timber according 

 to Theophrastus, — may be compared : A. platanoides was observed by Fraas in Greece ; by Clot- 

 Bey in the gardens of Egypt. Westward, " nuper vile fuistis acer" according to Ovid elog. i. 11 ; 

 and the "viliore genere " called " crassivenium " is distinguished by Pliny xvi. 26: A. platanoides 

 is known to grow wild in Italy and in the mountain forest of middle Europe (Duham. pi. 10, Pers., 

 Lenz, and Daub.), is besides planted for ornament. By European colonists, was carried to North- 

 east America, where it continues "occasionally planted" (A. Gray). 



Stabhylea pinnata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain bladder-nut 

 (Prior), in Germany "pimpernuss" (Grieb), in Italy "pistacchio falso " (Lenz) ; and the CHMYAA 

 of Theophrastus iii. 14. 4 to v. 7. 7, having leaves like those of nEPCIKH : KAPYA but a little 

 narrower, and wood suitable only for staffs, — maybe compared: S. pinnata was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Fraas, from mount Pindus to the environs of Smyrna. Westward, the " staphylodendron " 

 of Pliny xvi. 27, a tree growing beyond the Alps and bearing pods that contain a nut tasting like 

 filberts, is referred here by writers : S. pinnata is termed "staphylodendron" by Tournefort inst. 616; 

 was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia; by Lenz, in North Italy ; and is known to grow throughout 

 middle Europe as far as Britain (Pers., and Engl. bot. pi. 1560). 



Rliamnits infectorius of the Alediterranean countries. Called in Greece " lathzihSri " or " ap£i- 

 liras " (Sibth.) ; and the $ I A Y P E A . A E I * Y A A C enumerated among wild trees by Theophrastus 

 i. 9. 3, — large as the " kupro " according to Dioscorides and growing in rugged places, its fruit 

 "shin6"-like black sweetish and in clusters, leaves astringent and like those of the olive but broader, 

 maybe compared: the "philurea" is mentioned also by Paulus Aegineta; and the "hudhudh" by 

 Ebn Baitar : R. infectorius was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in rough and 

 stony situations in Southern Greece, the unripe berries dyeing Morocco leather yellow and exported 

 in large quantities. Westward, R. infectorius is described by Clusius i. p. Ill ; is termed " r. cathar- 

 ticus minor" by Tournefort inst. 593; was observed by Lenz in Italy: is known to grow also in 

 Carniolia, Spain, and Southern France (Scop., and Pers.). The dried fruit according to Lindley "is 

 purgative," and is called in commerce French berries or "graines d' Avignon." 



Euphorbia myrsinitcs of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "galazitha" (Sibth.); 

 and the TIGYMAAAOC AEYKOC called MYPTITHC according to Theophrastus ix. 11. 9 to 

 caus. iv. 6. 9, growing in mountainous situations, its leaves myrtle-like but prickly at the apex, 

 suckers flowering in alternate years and fruit called KAPYON, — mentioned also by Micion, and 

 Cratevas (si.hol. Nic. ther. 617), is referred here by writers: the " tithumalos murtites " accord- 

 ing to Dioscorides resembles the " thaphnoeithSi " and is whitish in aspect, its leaves larger than 

 in the myrtle with the apex pointed, is by some called " mursiniten " or "karuiten :" E. myrsinites 

 was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent on mountains from the Peloponnesus and 

 Parnassus to Cyprus. Westward, the account by Pliny xxvi. 40 of the " tithymali myrsiniten " or 

 "caryiten" seems taken from the Greek, and follows second in order as in Dioscorides: E. myrsi- 

 nites is termed "tithymalus myrsinites latifolius " by Tournefort inst. 86; and is known to grow in 

 Italy and Southern France (Sauv. monsp. 51, Pers., Spreng., and Lenz). 



Mcrcuiialis perennis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain Jog's cole 

 or Jog's mercury (Prior), in Germany " bingelkraut " (Grieb) ; and the *YAAON of two kinds 

 according to Theophrastus ix. 18. 5, the fruit of the A PP E N TO N OY being double, and that of the 

 6H AYTONOY like olive budding, — mentioned also by Cratevas, and Dioscorides, is referred here 

 by writers : M. perennis was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in woods from the Pelo- 

 ponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, the account of the "phyllon" and " thelygonon " by Pliny 

 xxvi. 91 to xxvii. 100 seems chiefly taken from the Greek: M perennis is described in Gerarcle em. 

 333; is termed "m. montana testiculata et spicata" by Tournefort inst. 534; was ol served by C.ussone 

 near Naples, and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 400, 

 and Pers.). Is " very poisonous " according to Lindley, instances " of the fatal consequences of its 

 use" are mentioned by Sloane, and Smith. 



