OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 355 



Spartium scorpius of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "aphanna" (Sibth.) ; and 

 the C K P fl IOC, one of the two plants known to Theophrastus vi. 1. 3 to 4. 2 as having thorns in 

 place ot leaves, its flowers developing below the pointed apex, — is referred here by Linnaaus : S. 

 scorpius was observed by Sibthorp on the mountain^ of Greece and the Greek islands ; is known to 

 be frequent also in Asia Minor (Spreng.). Westward, the account by Pliny xxi. 54 of the "in totum 

 spina scorpio " seems taken from Theophrastus : S. scorpius was observed by Anguillara p. 63 on 

 Corsica (Spreng.) ; is described also by Lobel ii. pi. 94; is termed "genista-spartium spinosum majus 

 primum flore luteo " by Tournefort inst. 645, " frutex totus ex spinis alternis quibus flor. insident " by 

 Linnaeus ; is known to grow in Southern France and as far as Spain (Pers.). 



Colutea arborescens of the Mediterranean countries. The bladder senna is a large loose-branched 

 shrub called in France " baguenaudier " (Fe"e), in Germany " blasenbaum " (Grieb), in Greece 

 "phouska" (Fraas) ; and the KOAYTE A of Theophrastus iii. 14. 4, a leguminous tree with willow- 

 like foliage and small seeds in broad pods, — is referred here by Robertus Constantinus and writers 

 generally : C. arborescens was observed by him, probably on Crete ; by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and 

 Fraas, in thickets and rugged places from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna. Westward, is termed " c. 

 vesicaria " by Tournefort inst. 649 ; is known to grow from Italy to the Pyrenees, and in limestone 

 districts as far as Ratisbon and Lorraine in middle Europe (Roth, Pers., Mohl, and A. Dec). The 

 leaves according to Lindley are "purgative, used for adulterating senna." 



Cytisus laburnum of Switzerland. Called in English gardens laburnum (Prior), in France 

 "aubour" (A. Dec), in Italy " mazi " or "egano" or " eghelo " (Lenz), by Crescenzio " avornus " 

 (Spreng.); and the KOAOYTEA around Lipara, a cultivated tree according to Theophrastus iii. 

 17. 2, in three years yielding a staff, and when cut off perishing without giving out suckers, its leaves 

 like those of T H A E I , pod fattening sheep, — is referred here by writers : C. laburnum was observed 

 by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople and Smyrna. Westward, the " laburnum " is described by 

 Pliny xvi. 31 as a tree growing in dry situations on the Alps, its wood hard and white, flower (-raceme) 

 a cubit long avoided by bees : C. laburnum is described by Haller helv. 360 ; is known to grow wild 

 in Switzerland and North Italy (Jacq. austr. pi. 306, Pers., and Lenz) ; and is besides cultivated 

 throughout Europe. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues to 

 be planted for ornament. Its seeds according to Lindley are "highly poisonous, possessing narcotico- 

 acrid properties." 



Planera abelicea of Crete. The K A I T I A N tree of Theophrastus iii. 17. 3, growing on mount 

 Ida, rare and said to produce neither flowers nor fruit, its leaves rounder than those of laurel, elm- 

 like and many-nerved beneath, — may be compared : P. abelicea is termed " abelicea di Candia " by 

 Pona bald. pi. 112, " pseudosantalum Creticum " by C Bauhin pin. 393 ; and was observed by Sib- 

 thorp on Crete. 



Lnpinus angustifolius of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " agrio lupouni " or 

 "loupini" (Sibth.), in Egypt " termis el sjaitan " Satan's lupine (Forsk.) ; in which we recognize 

 the 6EPMOC becoming according to Theophrastus viii. 1. 3 to 11. 8 and caus. iv. 1. 7 QCnEP: 

 ATPIOC and altogether AnEllTON unconcocted, — and the "thermos agrios" of Dioscorides : 

 L. angustifolius was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, abounding from the Peloponnesus 

 throughout the Greek islands ; by Forskal, and Delile, a weed in Egypt among crops of cultivated 

 lupine. Westward, the " thermos agrios " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " loupinoum agrSst^m " 

 of the Romans: L. angustifolius is termed "1. angustifolius caeruleus elatior " by Tournefort inst. 

 392 ; and is known to occur in grain-fields at Messana and as far as Spain (Knorr ii. pi. 50, and 

 Pers.). 



Lathyrus amphicarpos of the East Mediterranean countries. The APAXIANA producing fruit 

 under ground according to Theophrastus i. 1. 7 to 6. 12, — is referred here by writers : L. amphi- 

 carpus was observed by Sibthorp on Rhodes and Cyprus ; is known to grow also in Syria (Pers.). 

 As cultivated in Britain, is termed "1. amphikarpos seu supra infraque terram siliquas gerens nobis" 

 by M orison ii. 2. pi. 23. (The account of the " arachidna " by Pliny xxi. 52 seems taken from Theo- 

 phrastus.) 



Vicia amphicarpos of the Mediterranean countries. The A PA KQA EC according to Theophras- 

 tus i. 6. 12 also producing fruit on its roots as well as above, otherwise resembling the APAKQ, — is 

 referred here by Clusius, and Sprengel : V. amphicarpos was observed by Gittard on the plain of Nisi 

 in the Peloponnesus (Chaub.). Westward, is described by Clusius exot. pi. 88 ; was observed by 

 Gouan herboris. 48 in Southern France, and according to Persoon has subterranean fruit. (The 

 account of the '• aracos " by Pliny xxi. 52 seems taken from Theophrastus.) 



Vicia lathyroides of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain strangle-tare 

 (Prior) ; in which we recognize the OPOBATXH overcoming PO BO N according to Theophrastus 

 viii. 8. 4 : — V. lathyroides is termed " ervum Soloniense " by Linnaeus ; was observed by Sibthorp 

 from the Peloponnesus to Asia Minor, and in cultivated ground on Cyprus. Westward, the "oro- 



