356 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



bancbe" killing "ervum" and "cicer" by tying around, is mentioned by Pliny xviii. 44. 3 : V. lathy- 

 roides is termed "v. minima prascox parisiensium " by Tournefort inst. 397; and is known to occur 

 in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe as far as Norway (fl. Dan. pi. 58, and Pers.). 



Cercis siliquastrum of the wooded portion pi the Mediterranean countries. Called in English 

 gardens Judas tree (Prior), in Italy " albero di Giuda" or " siliquastro " (Lenz), in Greece " agria 

 xulokemteV' (Fraas) or " koukourovithia " or by the Turks " ergavan " (Sibth.) ; and the KEPKIC 

 or Kl Kl C enumerated among leguminous trees by Theophrastus i. 11. 2 — is referred here by writers : 

 C. siliquastrum was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, one of the most frequent trees from 

 the Peloponnesus to Smyrna ; by Hasselquist on Lebanon ; and according to Clot-Bey has recently 

 been introduced into Egypt. Westward, is termed "siliquastrum" by Tournefort inst. 647; was 

 observed by Lenz frequent in Italy ; and is known to grow in other parts of Southern Europe (Pers., 

 and Daub.). 



Sorbus chamaemespilus of the mountains of Europe and adjoining portion of Asia. The A N 

 6HA0N0EIAHC according to Theophrastus iii. 12. 5 another of the three kinds of MECniAHC 

 distinguished by the inhabitants of Ida, — is referred here by Fraas : S. chamaemespilus was observed 

 by Sibthorp, and Griesebach, on mount Athos. Westward, the third kind of " mespilis " is described 

 by Pliny xv. 22 " anthedoni tamen similius quod gallicum vocant : " S. chamaemespilus is termed 

 "Crataegus folio oblongo serrato utrinque virente " by Tournefort inst. 633, " mespilus chamaeme- 

 spilus " by Linnaeus sp. pi. 6S5 ; and is known to grow on the mountains of middle Europe (Crantz, 

 Jacq. austr. pi. 231, and Pers.). 



Amelanchier vulgaris of the mountains of Europe and adjoining portion of Asia. The wild 

 CYKH on mount Ida, described by Theophrastus iii. 17. 4 as a shrub with broad leaves in shape like 

 those of the linden, the flower M ECniAQAEC, red fruit of the size of an olive but rounder and in 

 taste also MECniAQAEC, — may be compared : A. vulgaris was observed by Sibthorp on the moun- 

 tains of Crete. Westward, is termed "m. folio rotundiori fructu nigro subdulci " by Tournefort inst. 

 642, "mespilus amelanchier" by Linnaeus, " aronia rotundifoli.i " by Persoon ; and is known to grow 

 on limestone districts from Switzerland to the Pyrenees (Crantz, Jacq. austr. pi 300, Pers., Molil, 

 and A. Dec). A. Cretica, figured by Alpinus exot. pi. 2, termed " mespilus cretica folio circinato et 

 quasi cordiformi " by Tournefort cor. 43, was also observed by Sibthorp on the mountains of Crete, 

 but is regarded by him as possibly not distinct. 



Crat&gus pyracantlia of the Mediterranean countries. Called in France " buisson ardent" 

 (Pers.), in Italy '• piracanto " (Lenz); in which we recognize the " purinan " or " purakanthen " 

 identified through Syn. Diosc. with the 0HYAKAN90C:AEI*YAA0N growing according to Theo- 

 phrastus i. 9. 3 to vi. 8. 3 both on mountains and plains, and ripening fruit late in the autumn : — the 

 "purakantha" is mentioned by Alciphron fragm. 6; the "oxuakantha" is described bv Dioscorides 

 as resembling the " ahrathi " but smaller and very spiny with red fruit like myrtle berries : C. pyr- 

 acantha was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, frequent in the woods of Northern Greece as far as 

 Constantinople. Westward, a drink made of berries of " pyracanthae " was employed in the days 

 of Pliny xxiv. 70 against bites of serpents : C. pyracantlia is described by Matthioli, and Dodoens 

 (Spreng.) ; is termed " m. aculeata amygdali folio " by Tournefort inst. 642 ; was observed by Lenz 

 wild in Italy ; and according to Persoon occurs in hedges in Southern France, " sempervirens " and 

 the globose berries " autumno amoene coccinei." 



Pyrus cuneifolia of the mountains of the East Mediterranean countries. The KHAACTPON 

 of Theophrastus i. 3. 6 to v. 7. 7, an evergreen tree that does not admit of cultivation, growing in the 

 highest and coldest situations as well as on the plains, its wood white, — may be compared : P. cunei- 

 folia was observed by Chaubard, one of the most frequent trees in the subalpine region of Koubeh, 

 its wood suitable for statues ; is described by Gussone, as observed by him as far West as Sicily. 



Cerasus nfahaUb of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in France " cerisiers de 

 Sainte- Lucie" (A. Dec); and the AAKAPH growing according to Theophrastus iii. 3. 1 and 3 to 

 6. 1 both on mountains and plains, deciduous-leaved, and multiplying with the greatest facility, — may 

 be compared : the "mahaleb " is mentioned by Arab writers (Spreng.) : C. mahaleb was observed 

 by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, a small tree frequent from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. 

 Westward, remnants of the fruit have been found in debris of the early lake-villages of Switzerland 

 (Heer) ; the tree is termed " cerasus sylvestris amara mahaleb putata " by Tournefort inst. 627 ; 

 and is known to grow as far as France and middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 227, Lam. fl. fr., and 

 Pers.). 



Prunus prostrata of the mountains of the East Mediterranean countries. A depressed subal- 

 pine tree or shrub; and the A I OCriYPQ of Theophrastus iii. 13. 3, having fruit similar in form to 

 that of KEPACOC but the nucleus harder, — enumerated among esculents by Galen (Orib. iii. 14), 

 may be compared : P. prostrata is termed " p. cretica montana minima humifusa flore suave rubente " 

 by Tournefort cor. 43 ; was observed by him, Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the subalpine summits of the 



