358 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Oenanthe fistulosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain water-drop- 

 wort (Prior) ; and the root growing according to Theophrastus ix. 13.4 at the mines in Thrace, 

 pleasant to the taste but if eaten inducing sleep-like easy death, — may be compared : Oe. fistulosa is 

 termed "oe aquatica " by Tournefort inst. 313 ; is known to grow from Denmark throughout middle 

 Europe (Moris, ix. pi. 7, fl. Dan. pi. 846, and Engl. bot. pi. 363) ; was observed by Sibthorp in the 

 environs of Constantinople. 



Peucedanum oreoselinum of hilly situations in middle Europe and as far as Caucasus. Called in 

 the drug-shops *" herba oreoselini " - (Lindl.), and the OPEOCEAINON of Theophrastus vii. 64, 

 having leaves like KQ N E I Q, and given in female complaints, — is referred here by writers : P. oreo- 

 selinum is described by Dodoens p 696 (Spreng.); is known to grow on the hills of Southern France 

 (Lapeyr., Delarbre auverg. i. p. 428, and Pers.) ; and Eastward as far as Austria and Caucasus (Jacq. 

 austr. pi. 68, and Bieb.). The leaves and stem according to Lindley "are bitter and aromatic, as 

 is the- fruit but in a higher degree : they were used as powerful stimulants of the intestinal canal, and 

 are still esteemed in some countries." 



A mini visnaga ot the Mediterranean countries. Called in Southern France " herbe aux cure- 

 dents " (Pers.), in Greece "phdleV (Fraas); and the CT A* YA I N OC: A r P I OC (in approved ms. 

 "raphanon agrian") of Theophrastus ix. 15. 5, called by some physicians KEPAIN, — is referred 

 here by Sprengel : the "k£raskomen '' of Syn. Diosc iii. 52 may also be compared : A. visnaga was 

 observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Smyrna ; 

 by Hasselquist on Lebanon ; by Alpinus iv. 14, and Delile, in Lower Egypt, the spoke-like pedicels 

 of the umbel used for tooth-picks, and the seeds employed medicinally. Westward, is described by 

 Lobel pi. 716; is termed " foeniculum annuum umbella contracta oblonga " by Tournefort inst. 311 ; 

 was observed by Desfontaines i. 245 in Barbary, and is known to grow in Southern p" ranee (Pers.). 



Valeriana Celtica of Switzerland and the Eastern Alps. Called in Italy " nardo celtico'' or 

 " spica celtica " ( Lenz) ; and the P I Z I A of Thrace, having according to Theophrastus ix. 7. 4 a nard- 

 like odour, — may be compared: the "keltike narthos " is mentioned by Dioscorides as growing in 

 Istria; and the imported root was known to Avicenna (Spreng.): V. Celtica is known to grow on 

 the Carinthian and Styrian Alps, and according to Wulffenius, and Sprengel, its roots in large quan- 

 tities are exported from Trieste Eastward to mix in ointments. Farther West, " narthou " brought 

 by a Gaul, is prescribed by Andromachus ther. ; " nardum gallicum" is mentioned by Pliny xiii. 2, 

 and " celtica spica " by Macer Floridus 75 : V Celtica was observed by Haller 209 in Switzerland 

 (Pers.), and by Lenz in North Italy. (See V. saliunca.) 



Valeriana saxatilis of Switzerland and the Eastern Alps. The ETEP: ATTA having according 

 to Theophrastus but slight fragrance, — maybe compared with the "tragon" gathered according to 

 Dioscorides indiscriminately with the preceding for adulteration, and referred here conjecturally by 

 Sprengel : the " hirculus " of Pliny xii. 26 corresponds : V. saxatilis is described by Clusius hist. 1. 

 56, and Plukenet aim. pi. 232, and is known to grow on the Eastern Alps (Jacq. austr. iii. pi. 267). 



Arnica scorpioides of the mountains of middle and Southern Europe. The C KO Pn I OY whose 

 root according to Theophrastus ix. 13. 6 resembles a scorpion, and is useful against scorpion stings, 

 — may be compared : A. scorpioides was observed by Sibthorp on mount Parnassus. Westward, is 

 described by Matthioli p. 762 (Spreng.), and Lobel pi. 649; is termed "doronicum radice scorpii 

 brachiata " by Tournefort inst. 487, " aster scorpioides " by Scopoli ; and is known to grow on the 

 subalpine portion of the mountains of middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 349, and Pers.). 



Artemisia Pontica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Yemen "rand" or 

 " baetran " or " ghobaejre " (Forsk.) ; and the A * I N e I N of Pontus on which sheep fatten accord- 

 ing to Theophrastus ix. 17. 4, — is referred here by Linna;us and others : the kind growing in Pon- 

 tus is mentioned also by Dioscorides, Galen meth. med. xi. 16; and "absinthium ponticum," by 

 Cato 159, Columella xii. 35, and Pliny xi. 75: "wormwood" in the days of Duarte Barbosa was 

 exported in great quantities from Xeher on the Southern coast of Arabia ; and A. Pontica was 

 observed by Forskal under cultivation on the plains and mountains of Yemen. Farther North, is 

 described by Fuchsius (Spreng.) ; is termed "a. Gmelini " by Stechmann (Steud.) ; and is known 

 to grow in dry mountainous situations from Italy, Switzerland, and Germany (Jacq. austr. pi. 99, and 

 Pers.) as far as middle Asia, in flavour differing according to Sprengel in being slightly aromatic. 



Artemisia abiotaniim of the Tauro-Caspian Countries. Called in English o-ardens southern- 

 wood ox old-man, in Anglo-Saxon " sajthrene-wudu " or " suthernewude " (Prior), in France " au- 

 ronne des jardins " (Pers.), in Italy "abrotano" (Lenz), in Greece " pikrothanos " (Fraas), in 

 Egypt " semssek " or " msaeka " (Forsk ) or " meskeh " ( Del.), by the prophets " neura phoinikos " 

 or "kunaghiten" (Syn. Diosc.) ; in which we recognize the A BPO TON ON of Theophrastus i. 9. 4 

 to caus. vi. 16. 7, cultivated and coronary with persistent foliage:— the "avrotonon arren " is de- 

 scribed by Dioscorides as growing in Cappadocia, Asiatic Galatia, and near Hierapolis in Syria, 

 branchy with slender twigs like "apsinthion : " A. abrotanum is known to grow wild in Asia Minor 



