364 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



and naturalized throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Pers., Wats., and A. Dec). By Euro- 

 pean colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where according to A. Gray it has "sparingly 

 escaped from gardens ; " to the island of Juan Fernandez, observed by Bertero abundantly naturalized. 

 The plant according to Lindley is " aromatic and slightly bitter," and is used " in the form of tea as 

 a grateful fever drink." 



Melissa a/tissima, frequent in the lower country as far as Crete, and regarded by Fraas and 

 others as distinct from the preceding ; is admitted to be included in the accounts of the " mglisso- 

 phullon " by Greek writers. 



Salvia sylvestris of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The C*AKEAOC 

 herb of Theophrastus, its leaf "squalens"— (Dod. pempt. ii. 4. 23), maybe compared : S. sylves- 

 tris is termed " sclarea folio salvias major vel maculata" by Tournefort inst. 179; S. sylvestris is 

 known to grow in Bohemia (Crantz, Jacq. austr. pi. 212, and Pers.) ; was observed by Scopoli ed. 2. 

 n. 32 in Carniolia; and by Sibthorp, in the environs of Constantinople. 



Venerium chamadrys of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain germander, 

 in France "gamandre'e" (Prior), in Greece "hamaithrua" (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the 

 XAMAIAPYC used medicinally according to Theophrastus ix. 9. 5, — growing according to Diosco- 

 rides in rough stony places and having small purplish flowers : T. chamaedrys was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Chaubard, in dry stony places from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands ; and 

 dried ■■ chamaedrys " is enumerated by Alpinus, and Forskal mat. roed., as used medicinally in Egypt. 

 Westward, the " hamaithrus " by some called " teukrion " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " trip- 

 sago minor " of the Romans : the " tri.x.igo " or " trisago " is mentioned by Celsus, Scribonius Largus, 

 and is identified by Pliny xxiv. 80 with the " chamaeropem " or "chamaedrys, but his account seems 

 chiefly taken from Dioscorides : T. chamaedrys is described by Fuchsius, Tragus, Matthioli, Lobel, 

 and Dodoens ; is termed " chamaedrys major et minor repens " by Tournefort inst. 204, " t. officinale " 

 bv Lamarck fl. fr. ; is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Normandy (Pers., and A. 

 Dec ) ; but in Britain in the days of Ray occurred only on the walls of a castle, and is regarded by 

 Watson as exotic and hardly naturalized. 



Tencrium flavum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy "teucrio" 

 (Targ.), in Greece "hamaithrua" (Sibth.), and possibly included in the "hamaithrus" of Theo- 

 phrastus: — the "hamaithrun" identified in Syn. Diosc. iii. toi with the "tSukrion" of Dioscorides 

 abounding in Cilicia, is referred here by writers : T. flavum was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and 

 Fraas, frequent from Crete and the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands. Westward, the 

 account by Pliny xxv. 20 of the "teucrion " having " ramis hyssopi " seems in part taken from Dio- 

 scorides : T. flavum is described by Fuchsius, Matthioli. Anguillara, Dodoens, and Clusius; is 

 termed "chamaedrys frutese'ens teucrium vulgo " by Tournefort inst. 205; and is known to grow in 

 Italy and as far as middle Europe (Pers., and Lenz). 



Teucrium lucidnm, termed " chamaedrys alpina frutescens folio splendente " by Tournefort inst. 

 205, observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from Cyprus to the Peloponnesus, and known to 

 grow in Italy (Pers., and Lenz), is regarded by Chaubard as not distinct. 



Origanum Sipyleum of the East Mediterranean countries. The MA PON perfume lasting two 

 years according to Theophrastus odor. 34, — seems the product of the "maron" of Dioscorides, 

 growing mostly about Magnesia and Tralles and having odorous flowers resembling those of '• Ori- 

 gan6," its medicinal properties as in " sisumvriS," and referred here by Sibthorp, and Fraas the 

 " maron " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the " origanitha " or " isovruon ; " and Lydian " maron " is 

 mentioned by Pliny xii. 53: O. Sipyleum is described by Morison iii. pi. 4; is termed "o. montis 

 Sipyli " by Tournefort inst. 199; was observed by Sibthorp near Smyrna and on mount Sipylo in 

 Phrygia, but in Greece confined to the Euboean Delphi, a fact confirmed by Fraas. (See Teucrium 

 marum). 



Origanum maru of Crete and Cyzicus. The OPITANOY: MEAAINA: AKAPHOC of Theo- 

 phrastus vi. 2. 3 — is referred conjecturally by Sprengel to the variety becoming seedless under culti- 

 vation : O. maru is termed " maru creticum" by Alpinus exot. pi. 28S, " majorana cretica rotundifolia 

 lavandulae odore capitulis minoribus incanis flore purpurascente " by Tournefort cor. 13 ; was observed 

 by Sibthorp on the mountains of Crete; is known to grow wild also on Cyzicus (Spreng.). West- 

 ward, the "amaracum mollem " of Virgil aen. i. 698 is referred here by Sprengel : " O. majoranoides," 

 perennial and well known in European gardens (Pers.), is regarded as not distinct. 



Daphne jasmiuea of- the East Mediterranean countries. The KNEfiPOC: AEYKOCof Theo- 

 phrastus vi. 2. 2, fragrant and more depressed with oblong coriaceous leaves resembling tl use of 

 the olive, and flowering after the autumnal equinox, — may be compared : the " cneori candidi " is 

 further mentioned as coronary by Pliny xxi. 30 : D jasminea, said to be fragrant, was observed by 

 Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the subalpine portion of the mountains of Southern Greece. " D. oleoides," 

 described by Alpinus exot. pi. 43, termed " thymelaea cretica oleae folio utrinque glabra " by Tourne- 



