OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 365 



fort cor. 41, observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, on the subalpine portion of mountains from Crete to the 

 Peloponnesus and Bithynian Olympus, known to grow also on Caucasus (Pal).), and Westward on the 

 mountains of Corsica and Sardinia (Spreng.), is regarded by Fraas as not distinct. (See D. sericea.) 



Daphne tartonrah a of the Mediterranean countries. The KNEQPOC: MEAACof Theophras- 

 tus i. 10. 4 to vi. 2. 2, scentless, having fleshy leaves like tamarisk cypress and M H A E A quince, and 

 flowering after the autumnal equinox, — may be compared: the " cneori nigri " is also enumerated as 

 coronary by Pliny x.xi. 30 : D. tartonraira was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Pelo- 

 ponnesus to the Black Sea, flowering according to Fraas at the time of autumnal equinox. Westward, 

 is described by Dalechamp p. 1669 (Spreng.) ; is termed " tarton-raire galloprovinciaj monspelien- 

 sium " by Lobel pi. 371, " thymelaea foliis candicantibus serici instar mollibus " by Tournefort inst. 

 595 ; is known to grow in Italy and Southern France (All. Lam. fl. fr., Pers., and Lenz), where accord- 

 ing to Smith fl. gr. pi. 354 it is much used medicinally. 



Passerina dioica of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " emSro the'rokallo " (Sibth.); 

 in which we recognize the HAAEPOKAAAEC enumerated by Theophrastus vi. 1. 1 to 6. 11 among 

 small-leaved woody plants, cultivated and coronary: — P. dioica was observed by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, on the mountains of the Peloponnesus and Attica, furnishing a yellow dye. Westward, 

 is termed "daphne dioica" in Linn, suppl. 223, "thymelaea dioica" by Allioni ; and is known to grow 

 on the Pyrenees (Lapeyr., and Pers.). 



Plantago (Psyllium) cynops of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The KYNQIIOC 

 springing up with the first showers after the equinox, or AX YN Q* having a spike, of Theophrastus 

 vii. 7. 3 to 1 r. I, — is referred here by Linnaeus : P. cynops, distinguished by its round leafy bracts, 

 was observed by Sibthorp in Bithynia. Westward, the "cynops" having a spike, is enumerated by 

 Pliny xxi. 61 as distinct from the "cynoides " or " psyllion : " P. cynops is described by Bauhin hist, 

 iii. 513 (J. E. Smith) ; is termed "psyllium majus supinum " by Tournefort inst. 128, " p. genevensis " 

 by Poiret; and is known to grow in Italy and Southern France (Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



Rumex (Em ex) spinosus of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "agrio sSuklon " 

 (Sibth.), in Egypt " figl el djebbel" Desert radish, or " sagarat el aguz " (Forsk.) ; and the A All A 

 SON: AT PI ON of Theophrastus vii. 2. 7, having a shorter and less enduring root, numerous stems 

 and branches, and in its whole aspect resembling T EYT A I Y, — maybe compared: the"ltHm6- 

 nion " is described by Dioscorides as growing in meads and moist places, its leaves like those of 

 " sfiutld," stem equal as in "krinou " and slender straight full of red astringent fruit ; is identified in 

 the added Synonyms with the " neuro£ith£s " or " napSion oninnou," with the "mgnthrouta" of the 

 Mysians, " m£outha" or "edlSvorosemata '' or " skullion " or " lukosSmphullon " of the Syrians, and 

 " lukou karthia " of the prophets : the '• lapathon e agri5n t£utlon " is also mentioned by Galen alim. 

 fac. ii. 47: R. spinosus is termed "beta cretica semine aculeato " by Bauhin prodr. pi. 57; was ob- 

 served by Sibthorp, and Bory, in Attica and the Peloponnesus ; by Forskal p. 75, and Delile, in 

 Egypt from Alexandria to Cairo. Westward, the "ISimonion" is further identified in Syn. Diosc. 

 with the " thakina " of the Dacians, " ioumvaroum " of the Gauls, and " oueVatroum nigroum " or 

 " tintinnavouloum t£rrai " of the Romans; but the account by Pliny xx. 2S of the " limonion " or 

 " neuroides " or " beta silvestris '' seems chiefly taken from the Greek : R. spinosus was observed by 

 Schousboe in moist places in Morocco as far as Tangier on the Atlantic (Pers , and Necker). 



Rumex (Acetosa) acetosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain sorrel 

 (Prior), in France " surelle " or "oseille" (Nugent), in Germany " sauerampfer " (Grieb), in Italy 

 "acetina" or "acetosa" or "ossalida" (Lenz), in Greece "xunethra" (Fraas) or "zinitra" or 

 "oxulithi" (Siblh ) ; in which we recognize the "oxalidem" identified through Pliny with the 

 AAllAeON: ATPION of Theophrastus vii. 6. 1, better flavoured than the HMEPOY kind but 



more acid : the " oxalis " is mentioned by Nicander ther. 840 ; by Dioscorides ii. 140 as not large 



and havino- acrid red fruit, and called by some "anaxuritha" or "lapathon:" R. acetosa was ob- 

 served by Sibthorp, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; is known to grow also 

 along the Taurian mountains ; and seeds of "acetosa obtusifolia" were found by Forskal mat. med. 

 employed medicinally in Egypt : the living R. acetosa was seen by him in gardens at Constantinople, 

 and according to Clot-Bey has recently been introduced into the gardens of Egypt. Westward, the 

 " oxalidem " "or " lapathum silvestre" is further identified by Pliny xx. 85 with the "rumicem" or 

 " lapathum cantherinum " of the Romans, having pointed leaves and "radice minima" the root not 

 swollen ; the " rumex " is mentioned by Plautus pseudol. iii. 2. 26, Apicius i. 1, and Apuleius d. h. 

 13 : R. acetosa is termed "a. pratensis " by Tournefort inst. 502; was observed by Pollini wild in 

 Italy; is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland 

 (Hook. Pers., Wats., and A. Dec), is besides regularly cultivated. By European colonists, was carried 

 to Northeast America before 1669 (Jossel.), but has disappeared ; was also carried to Alaska (Wats.). 

 "An agreeably acid plant" according to Lindley, "refrigerant and diuretic," its root "long and 

 tapering, astringent, somewhat woody." 



