366 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Rtnnex {Acetosa) acetosella of Northern climates. Called in Britain sheep 's sorrel (Prior), in 

 Italy " acetosella " or " acetosa minore " or " ossalide minore " (Lenz), in Greece " oxulithi " (Sibth.) ; 

 and possibly included in the " lapathon agri5n " of Theophrastus, — and " oxalis " of Nicander : the 

 "lapathon agrion mikron" is described by Dioscorides as humble and having leaves like those of 

 " oxalitha : " R. acetosella was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from the 

 Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands to the Bithynian Olympus; by Hasselquist, at Damietta 

 in Egypt; is known to grow also in Siberia (Wats.). Westward, is described by Dodoens pi. 039 ; 

 is termed "acetosa arvensis lanceolata" by Tournefort inst. 503; was observed by Pollini in Italy, 

 by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow in siliceous soil throughout middle and Northern 

 Europe as far as Lapland (Pers., Wats., and A. Dec). Farther West, is known to grow on Iceland 

 and Greenland; was observed by Higgeson, one of the first settlers, around Salem in New England; 

 by Nuttall, " indubitably native " along the Arkansas river; but throughout our Atlantic States has 

 greatly multiplied in sterile soil wherever the forest has been removed. Clearly by European colo- 

 nists, was carried to Austral Africa (Drege and Mey.); to the Falkland Islands, observed around 

 dwellings there by J. D. Hooker ii. 341. 



Beta maritima of the shores of the Mediterranean and adjoining portion of the Atlantic. Called 

 in Britain sea beet (Prior), in Greece "agria sSskoula " (Fraas); and the TEYTAIC of Theophrastus 

 vii. 7. 2, a potherb requiring cooking, — is referred here by Fraas : B. maritima was observed by 

 Sibthorp, and Fraas, in salt marshes and on muddy shores from the Peloponnesus to the Black 

 Sea; by Delile, from the Mediterranean shore as far as Cairo. Westward, is termed "b. sylvestris 

 maritima" by Tournefort inst. 502, "b. decumbens " by Moench ; and is known to grow along the 

 seashore as far as Britain (Mill.), decumbent according to Persoon with triangular leaves. (See B. 

 vulgaris). 



Finis sur of the mountains of Yemen. Called there " sur " (Forsk.) ; and the tree called in 

 Crete KYnPIAC: CYKHC, resembling according to Theophrastus iv. 2. 3 the sycamore and in 

 like manner bearing fruit on its trunk and old branches, this fruit resembling a fig and edible, as large 

 as a K K K Y M H A N, — translated "sorbi " by Pliny xiii. 15, is referred here by Sprengel : F. sur 

 was observed by Forskal p. 180 near Djoblae, a tree " sycomoro similis," fruit crowded "prope trun- 

 cum," as large as a pigeon's egg and edible. 



Herniaria glabra of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain rupture wort 

 (Prior), in Italy " millegrana," in Greece "asphfithila" (Anguill.) ; and the EAAEBOPINHC of 

 Theophrastus ix. 10. 2, a little herb whose seed is taken with hellebore to promote vomiting, — is 

 identified through Syn. Diosc. with the " Spipaktis " of Dioscorides, referred here by Anguillara 

 (Spreng.) : the "gpipaktis" is described by Dioscorides as a diminutive shrub with most diminutive 

 leaves, drank in deadly affections and against diseases of the liver, is further identified in the added 

 Synonyms with the "\6rion:" H. glabra was observed by Anguillara p. 2S2 in Macedonia and 

 Greece, employed in conformity with the account of Dioscorides (Spreng.) ; by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, frequent from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek islands. Westward, the account 

 by Pliny xxvii. 52 of the " epipactis " or "elleborine " seems taken from Dioscorides ; H. glabra was 

 observed by Anguillara in Illyria and Italy ; is described also by Tragus f. 200, and Tournefort inst. 

 507 ; is termed " h. fruticosa " by Gouan (Steud.) ; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe 

 as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 529, and Pers.). 



Herniaria fruticosa of the Mediterranean countries. Possibly included with the preceding : — 

 observed by Delile near Alexandria on the Mediterranean border of Egvpt. Westward, described 

 by Lobel pi. 85 ; and known to grow in Spain and Southern France (Pers.). 



L'liutis campestris of Northern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain 

 wych-elm (from being used to make the chests called in Anglo-Saxon " hwacce," by Chaucer 

 "wiche," by Caxton "whutche," and in French " huche," the word elm occurring in Anglo Saxon 

 and with very little change throughout the Germanic languages, " almr " in Icelandic, "aim" or 

 "aim " or "elm" in Danish, " ohn " in Dutch, " olm " or 'Time" or "ulme" in different German 

 dialects (Prior), at Constantinople " gauro " (Forsk.), and the OPEOnTEAEAof Theophrastus iii. 

 14. 1, a lofty tree growing on mount Ida, — may be compared: U. campestris was observed by 

 Forskal near Constantinople. Westward, the "atinia" identified by Columella with the Gallic elm, 

 or " atinias gallicas " named according to Pliny xvi. 29 to xvii. 15 from their lofty stature, are referred 

 here by Daubeny : U. campestris is known to grow wild throughout middle and Northern Europe 

 (Engl. bot. pi. 1886, A. Dec, and Lindl.). By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it continues to be planted for ornament. 



Salix helix of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Willows never becoming trees are 

 mentioned by Theophrastus iii. 13. 7. and the EAIKHN of the Arcadians — is referred here by 

 writers: the "helicem " according to Pliny xvi. 69 is the humblest of three kinds of willow known 

 in Asia Minor: S. helix was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, in the marshes of Greece. West- 



