370 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



and fifty fathoms long according to Megasthenes — (Strab. xv. I. 56), or " kalamou epiggion" of 

 Theophrastus iv. 11. 13, may be compared . C. extensus is known to grow in Silhet, over the trees 

 of the forest to the length of "five or six hundred feet " (Drur.). 



Co'.ocasia nymphaifolia of Hindustan. Called in Malabar "welie-ela" ( Rheede) ; and the 

 edible roots P I Z A I : A I A*0 PO I : T A I C : TA Y K YT H C I N growing spontaneously according to 

 Megasthenes and in great abundance in the marshes of Hindustan, — may be compared : C. nymphse- 

 i folia was observed by Rheede xi. pi. 22 in watery places in Malabar (Pers.), where it forms part of 

 the food of the inhabitants (Roxb., and Drur.) ; by Graham, " in moist places throughout the Con- 

 cans " to and beyond Bombay. 



"302 B. C." (Kitt. cycl. bibl.), by treaty, the war with Ptolemy brought to a close, and Coele- 

 Syria, Palestine, and Arabia Petraea annexed to Egypt. 



"301 B. C." (Burm. hist., and Mason 40), accession of Ranman, grandson of Dwattayan, as 

 Burmese king, — represented as a " bad king." He reigned " fifty " years.* 



One hundred and twentieth generation. Jan. 1st, 300, mostly beyond youth: the Greek poets, 

 Asclepiades of Samos, Philetas, Aratus, Nossis of Locri, Anyte of Tegea, and Antagoras of Rhodes ; 

 the comic poets, Damoxenus, Hegesippus, Philemon the younger, Plato the younger, Theognetus, 

 Bathon, and Posidippus ; the tragic poets, Lycophron, Homerus the younger, Sositheus, Alexander 

 of Aetolia, Philiscus of Corcyra, Dionysides, Sosiphanes, and Aeantides ; the dramatists, Rhinthon 

 of Tarentum, and Sotades the younger; the philosophers, Teles, Colotes, Timon, Metrodorus, and 

 Dionysius of Heraclea ; the geographer, Patrocles ; the historians, Diyllus, Athanis, Psaon of Pla- 

 tea, Philochorus, Lycus of Rhegium, Callias of Syracuse, Idomeneus of Lampsacus, Timaeus, Duris 

 of Samos, Ctesibius, and Anticlides ; the orators, Cineas, and Demochares ; the medical writers, 

 Serapion of Alexandria ; the grammarian Zenodotus of Ephesus ; other writers, Daimachus, Sim- 

 mias of Rhodes, Amometus, Lynceus of Samos, Leonidas of Tarentum; the sculptor Praxiteles; 

 the painters, Philoxenes, Perseus, Pausias, Aetion, Ctesilochus, and Aristolaus (Bryan). 



Angiras son of Uru, son of Manu Chakshusha, son of Ripu, son of Slishti, son of Dhruva, as 

 early possibly as this date. An extract from his writings — is preserved by Hemadri in the Sraddha 

 Mayukha (H. H. Wils. transl. vishnu purana i. I3*and ii. 7). Angiras is mentioned in the Rig Veda 

 sanhita as well as in the Mahabharata, and his descendants in the Sama Veda x. 10 (transl. Stev.). 



Ae^lc inarinclos of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Tamil " willa-marvum," in Telinga " mare- 

 doo,'' in Bengalee "bela" (Lindl.), in the environs of Bombay " bilwa " or " bale " (Graham), in 

 which we recognize the " bel " whose fruit according to Angiras marks the size of balls of food to be 

 presented to Brahmans — (H. H. Wils. note to v. p. iii. 13), and the "vilva" of Susrutas sutr. 46 

 and chikits. 18 to 28 : the downless " melon akanthes " growing according to Nonnus dion. xxii. 25 

 in the forest beyond the Hydaspes, may also be compared : Ae. marmelos is described by Rumphius 

 i. pi. Si ; was observed in Hindustan by Rheede iii. pi. 37, Roxburgh, Wight; by Graham, '• a thorny 

 tree " occurring around Bombay and "about temples in many parts of the Deccan," the pulp of the 

 fruit "much used by the natives in cases of chronic diarrhoea ; " and according to Royle, the astrin- 

 gent rind is used in dyeing yellow. Farther East, is enumerated by Mason v. p. 494 as " exotic" in 

 Burmah, " cultivated extensively by the " natives, and '• highly esteemed for its medicinal properties." 

 Westward from Hindustan, the "bull" is mentioned by Ishak ben Amran, Rhazes, Elbasri, Mosih, 

 Ebn Samhun, Serapion, and Ebn Baitar ; and "bel Hendi " fruit, brought from India to Egypt, is 

 enumerated by Forskal mat. med. as constipating and employed medicinally. f 



* Agathis loraiitliifolia of mountains in the Siamese countries and Malayan archipelago. The 

 dammcr pine is a mistletoe-leaved Coniferous tree called in Tenasserim "theet-men" king of woods 

 (Mason) ; and the Burmese superstition of using its wood for the beam of balance-scales as early 

 probably as this date, also the driving a peg of it into a boat or house-post •' to avert evil," — men- 

 tioned by Berdmore: A. loranthifolia was observed by Griffith, and Mason 544, in Tenasserim, but 

 is not known to yield dammer (see Hopea odorata), its wood " used by native carpenters for various 

 purposes," being " very hard," white and " rather light ; " was observed by Loureiro ii. 710 in Anam ; 

 and by Rumphius ii. pi. 57, on Amboyna. 



f Feronia elephnntiim of Tropical Hindustan. The size of a -wood apple also assigned for these 

 balls by Angiras — (H. H. Wils.) : F. elephantum is called in Tamil "vallanga" or " vola-marum," 

 in Telinga " yellangn," in Bengalee " kath-bel ; " was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. 

 141 ; by Wight, the fruit affording "a very pleasant jelly" closely "resembling black currant jellv ; " 

 by Graham, " a large and handsome tree " called " cawtha," in "gardens " and found by Gibson in 

 " the vale of the Taptee common, also on the Mool river, and throughout Guzerat ; " the fruit " with 

 a grey coloured very hard rind," was observed by myself to resemble an unripe orange. Eastward, 

 enumerated by Mason v. p. 452 and 760 as " exotic " in Burmah, found by Phayre under cultivation 



