374 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



of the Ganges) : hardly later than this date, the "kolokasion" is mentioned as an Egyptian root by 

 Diphilus of Siphnus (Athen. iii. 2) : C. antiquorum was seen under cultivation there by Ishak Israeli, 

 Ali ben-Redwhan, Abd-allatif, Belon, Alpinus, Forskal, and Delile ; by Grant, around huts of Uganda 

 and Unyoro from the Upper Nile to " 2° S. ; " by myself, on Zanzibar ; by Forskal among the moun- 

 tains of Yemen ; by Graham, " very generally cultivated " in the environs of Bombay ; by Roxburgh, 

 Royle, Wight, and Drury, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason, in Burmah ; by Loureiro ii. 535, 

 in Anam; by myself, on the Malayan archipelago, New Zealand, the Feejeean, Tongan, Samoan, 

 Taheitian, and Hawaiian islands. Farther East, was observed by Schomburgk under cultivation by 

 the Waraus of the delta of the Orinoko (edit. Ralegh). Northward and Westward from Egypt, the 

 "colocasia" is mentioned by Glaucias, Claudius Iolaus, Virgil, Columella, by Pliny xxi. 51 to 102 

 as cultivated in both Egypt and Italy : C. antiquorum is termed " a. aegyptium " by Columna ecphr. 

 ii. pi. 1, "a. maximum segyptiacum quod vulgo colocasia" by Tournefort inst. 159; was observed by 

 Belon,- and Sibthorp, on Cyprus, Crete, and Zante ; by Tenore, in Southern Italy; by Bossier, in 

 Spain, and called "alcolcaz," and by Clusius in Portugal (A. Dec). By European colonists, was 

 carried to Madeira, observed there by myself ; and doubtless in some instances to America, observed 

 by Sloane i. pi. 106 in the West Indies. 



Certain Indian weeds appear to have accompanied the introduction of rice and taro into Egypt; 

 and being inconspicuous, or of no known utility, may have escaped the attention of ancient writers : 



Elatine verticillata of Tropical Eastern Asia. An annual plant that seems to have accompanied 

 the introduction of taro and rice : — observed by Delile pi. 26 in the rice grounds of Egypt. East- 

 ward, by Rheede ix. pi. 78 in Malabar; by Graham, on "margins of tanks and other moist places" 

 in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh cor. pi. 142, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; and 

 by Mason, in Burmah. 



Ammania auriculata of Tropical Asia. — Observed by Delile pi. 15 in the rice grounds of 

 Egypt ; and enumerated by him p. 29 as occurring also in India. Transported to Europe, is described 

 by Willdenow hort. berol. i. 7. 



Jitssicua reptiis of America ?. Aquatic or subaquatic, and called in Egypt " forgaa " or '• fraekal " 

 (Forsk.), on Madagascar " vouloun-ranou " (Boj.) ; and possibly introduced into Egypt as early as 

 this date: — observed by Forskal p. 210 at Rosetta, pentapetalous and creeping on the river-bank 

 and margin of fields ; by Bojer, on Madagascar. Eastward, is enumerated by Delile p. 30 as occur- 

 ring also in India; was observed by Rheede ii. pi. 51 in Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of 

 Bombay, " common on the margins of the tanks, and in rice-fields during the rains ; " by Roxburgh, 

 and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; and by Mason, in Burmah. Farther East, was observed 

 by myself in Peru and Chili, pentapetalous and aquatic, and hardly having the aspect of an introduced 

 plant; by Short, in Kentucky, and is further enumerated by A. Gray 703 as growing "in water 

 Illinois ? and southward: " the "J. erecta" obser\ed by Nuttall along the Arkansas, by Pursh from 

 the Dismal swamp to Carolina, and according to R. Brown cong. occurring also in Equatorial Africa, 

 may be compared. 



Sphcerantlius suaveolcns of Equatorial Africa. Called in Bengalee " chagul-nudie," in Tamil 

 "kbttang-karundic,'' in Telinga "bodatarum," on the Deccan " moondie '' (Drur.), in Equatorial 

 Africa " bozeea " (Grant), in Egypt "habagbag" (Forsk.); and known there as early probably as 

 this date : — observed by Forskal p. 154 on the river-bank near Rosetta, the plant and leaves exhaling 

 the odour of hyssop ; by Grant, along the Upper Nile on the "mud edges of Madi burn," and used 

 medicinally in ague by the Wanyamuezi. Eastward, is enumerated by Delile p. 30 as occurring also 

 in India; was observed by Rheede x. pi. 43 in Malabar; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, 

 " a very common plant on rice fields during the cold season ; " by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in 

 other parts of Hindustan, its flowers seeds and roots employed medicinally; by Burmann pi. 94, on 

 Ceylon. Farther East, is employed on Java as diuretic (Ainslie) ; was observed by Blanco on the 

 Philippines, used medicinally by the natives, and called in Tagalo " sambong gala." 



Grangt'a MaJcraspatana of Tropical Asia. A diminutive procumbent plant called in Bengalee 

 " namuti," in Tamil " masbiputri," in Telinga "mustaru," in Malabar "nelampata" (Drur.); and 

 known in Egypt as early probably as this date : — observed by Delile along the canal at Alexandria; 

 by Grant, on the " Nile bank, 14 to 15 ." Eastward, was observed by Rheede x. pi. 49 in Mala- 

 bar ; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay, "on rice fields etc. in the cold weather;" by Rox- 

 burgh, Wight, and Drury, in other parts of Hindustan, its leaves used medicinally as a stomachic, 

 also in antiseptic and anodyne fomentations (Ainsl.) ; is known to occur also on Java (Lindl.). 



Ethulia conyzoides of Tropical Asia. Known in Egypt as early probably as this date : — observed 

 by Forskal p. 153 near Rosetta, on the mud of the Nile. Eastward, according to Delile p. 30, and 

 Persoon, occurs also in India. 



Sphenoclea pongathim of Tropical Asia. Called in Malabar " pongati " (Rheede) ; and known 

 in Egypt as early possibly as this date : — observed there in rice grounds by Delile ; and according 



