4<X> CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



and "djentiana" root was found by Forskal mat. med. imported by the way of Greece into Egypt. 

 According to Lindley, the "gentian of the shops" is " a valuable bitter drug, employed extensively 

 in certain forms of dyspepsia, in intermittents, and as an anthelmintic." 



One hundred and twenty-fourth generation. May ist, 167, mostly beyond youth: the Greek 

 poet, Antipater of Sidon ; the philosophers, Antipater of Tarsus, and Diodorus of Tyre ; the his- 

 torians, Heracleides of Oxyrynchus, and Sosicrates of Rhodes ; the biographer Satyrus ; the gram- 

 marians, Aristodemus of Elis, Ammonius of Alexandria, Menecrates of Nysa, and Callistratus ; other 

 Greek writers, Apollodorus, and Jason of Cyrene ; A. Posthumius Albinus who wrote principally in 

 Greek : the Latin writers, Pacuvius the tragic poet, and the three historians C. Fannius, Calpurnius 

 Piso, and Cassius Hemina. 



"The same year" (Blair), a Library first established in Rome; consisting of books brought 

 from Macedonia by Paulus Aemilius. 



Cleitophon of Rhodes possibly at this time writing: he mentions the betraying of Ephesus to 

 Brennus, composed a history of the Gauls, and works on India, Italy, and the founding of cities — 

 (Sm. b. d.). 



Trichodesma Indieum of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The Indian borage is called in the 

 environs of Bombay " chota-kulpa " (Graham) ; and the KAPTTYKH resembling according to Cleito- 

 phon the BO Y T AuilCCUU, and employed in India against jaundice — (Plut. fluv. 25. 3, and Stob. 98), 

 may be compared : T. Indieum was observed by Gibson, and Graham, in the environs of Bombay 

 and on the Deccan, an annual '-very common in waste places during the rains ; " by Roxburgh, and 

 Drury, in various parts of the peninsula, held in repute against snake-bites, and emollient poultices 

 made of the leaves by the natives ; by Powell, in the Punjaub, used for purifying the blood and as a 

 diuretic; and farther East, by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. Transported to Europe, is described 

 by Plukenet aim. pi. 76 f. 3. 



Trichodesma Zclanieum of Tropical Hindustan and Ceylon. Included perhaps in the "kar- 

 puke " of Cleitophon : — T. Zeylanicum was observed by Gibson, and Lush, on the Deccan South of 

 the Taptee (Graham) ; by Burmann ind. pi. 14, and Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan ; is known 

 to grow on Ceylon, and according to Lindley as far even as Tropical Australia. Transported to 

 Europe, is described by Plukenet mant. pi. 335 f. 4, and is termed "borago Zeylanica " by Linnaeus. 

 The species of Trichodesma according to Royle are considered diuretic, and one of the cures for 

 snake bites in India (Lindl.). 



" 164 B. C." (Clint, iii. p. 346), Antiochus IV. Epiphanes succeeded by Antiochus V. Eupator, 

 ninth Greek king of Syria. A Greek inscription of this date (Sylvestre) presenting the following 

 forms of the letters A, M. 



" 164-3 B - C." (Liv. and Clint, iii. p. 387), departure from Egypt of Ptolemy Physcon for Cy- 

 rene ; disputing with his brother Ptolemy VI., who now set out for Rome. 



" 163 B. C. = 1st year of the 'heou' of Wen-ti " (Chinese chron. table). From this date, the 

 years of the Chinese emperors are further defined by clusters, each bearing a separate name 

 (Amyot). 



The same year (H. S. in Kitt. cycl bibl.), treaty with Antiochus V , the Jews led by Judas Mac- 

 cabaeus, recovering their independence. — The treaty was confirmed by the successor of Antiochus 

 V., but the citadel of Jerusalem continued to be held by a Syrian garrison. 



" 162 Ii. C." (Polyb., and Clint, iii. p. 3S7), arrival of Ptolemy Physcon in Rome; seeking pos- 

 session of Cyprus, and assistance against his brother. 



"Sept. 27th" (C. Ptol., Blair, and Clint.), at Rhodes, the Autumnal equinox first observed by 

 Hipparchus, "at sunset on the 30th Mesore in the seventeenth year of the Third Calippic period." 

 Recurring to a former Observation by Timochares, the star spica in Virgo was found by Hipparchus 

 to have changed its position in reference to the Equinoctial point, though in its old place in reference 

 to the middle of the zodiac or ecliptic; thus making known the Precession of the equinoxes. Besides 

 determining the places of the stars, Hipparchus attempted to number them : — in the words of Pliny 

 ii. 26, "ausus rem etiam Deo improbam, annumerare posteris Stellas." 



"The same year" (Clint, iii p. 346, and H. S. in Kitt. cyd. bibl.), Antiochus V. put to death; 

 and succeeded by his uncle Demetrius Soter, tenth Greek king of Syria. 



" 161 B. C." (Cell., Sueton., and Clint.), philosophers and rhetors excluded from Rome. 



" 160 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), at the funeral games of Paulus Aemilius, the Adelphi or last comedy of 

 Terence acted, the author at this time in his "thirty-fifth " year. Terence was "born at Carthage," 

 — and died in " B. C. 159," or according to Hieronymus in the year following 



Junius effusus of Temperate climates. With other species called in Britain rusk, in Old 

 English " rash " or " rysch " or " rish," in Anglo-Saxon " rise," in Gothic '■ raus " (Prior), in Germany 

 "rusch" or " binse " (Grieb), in France " jonc " (Nugent), at Constantinople " vourla " (Forsk.) : 

 VIRGINES-IVNCEAE are mentioned by Terence ; — " juncetum " where rushes grow, by Varro ; 



