OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 411 



"larimnan" fruit brought by the Sabaeans, exceedingly fragrant and said to possess medicinal 

 properties — (Agatharch. 101), mentioned also by Artemidorus, may be compared: B. kafal was 

 observed by Forskal p. 80 along the mountains of Yemen, its seeds and berries extremely fragrant, 

 the pulp when wounded distilling balsam, the gum of the tree purgative, and the wood exported to 

 Egypt to impregnate drinking-vessels with the smoke : at Mocha, I found water for drinking some- 

 times fumigated, a decided improvement where the water is brackish. Westward, a tree observed 

 by Adanson in Senegal on the border of the Desert, is regarded by Lamarck as perhaps identical. 

 Farther North, the ' L thurea virga" was known to Virgil geor. ii. 117 ; and specimens were brought 

 by Arabian envoys to Rome in the days of Pliny xii. 31 ; the frankincense-wood occasionally imported 

 into America, may also be compared. 



" The same year " (Liv., Blair, and Clint.), Roman expedition under Metellus against the 

 Balearic Islanders, "on account of their piracies ; " or more probably, from these islands "settled by 

 Phoenicians" having been in alliance with Carthage. According to Strabo iii. 5. 1, the fault of a 

 very few individuals found in company with pirates was extended to a whole community devoted to 

 peaceful pursuits : new cities were however built, and a colony left behind of " three thousand 

 Romans from Spain." 



"The same year" (Eutrop., Blair, and Clint.), by order of the Roman Senate, Carthage rebuilt, 

 or rather a colony founded on its site. 



" 122 B. C. = 1st year of the 'youan-cheou ' of Wou-ti " — (Chinese chron. table). 



" In this year" (Yule cath. i. p. lxvi), return of the Chinese traveller Changkian from Bactriana. 



Licnalia acutifida of the Siamese countries. A small palm called in Burmah "sha-zoung," 

 furnishing the Penang lawyers of commerce (Mason) ; possibly the walking-sticks seen by Chang- 

 kian in Bactriana, brought by the way of Shintu (Hindustan) and recognized by him as like those 

 grown in the mountains of Kiongshan — (Yule i. p. lxvi) : L. acutifida is mentioned also by Royle 

 fibr., and Drury ; and is enumerated by Mason as indigenous in Burmah. 



"The same year." (Liv., and Clint.), by C. Sextius Calvinus now proconsul, Aquae Sextiae 

 (Aix in Provence) founded ; the first settlement of the Romans beyond the Alps. 



" 120 B. C." (Appian, and Sm. b. d.), Mithridates V. succeeded by his son Mithridates VI. Eupa- 

 tor, now at the age of " eleven " years king of Pontus. 



" 118 B. C." (Veil., Blair, and Clint.), by the Roman consul Q. Marcius, a colony established 

 at Narbonne in France. 



Philadelphus coronarlus of Central Asia. An ornamental shrub called in gardens syringa or 

 mock orangej and the *IAAAEA*ON of Apollodorus of Artemita, used in Parthia for hedges or 

 living fences — (Athen. xv. 29), is referred here by Bauhin and others: P. coronarius is termed 

 "syringa" by Dodoens . . ; is described also by Lobel hist., Dalechamp 355, Caesalpinus, and Clu- 

 sius hist. i. 55 ; was observed by Lenz seemingly wild in Italy ; is known to occur along hedges in 

 other parts of Southern Europe, is besides cultivated for its fragrant flowers, one variety having 

 numerous petals (Pers.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it con- 

 tinues frequent in gardens. 



"In this year" (Burin, hist., and Mason 40), accession of Therereet, great grand-son of Khan- 

 loung, as Burmese king ; a good and learned man, in whose reign religion and the arts flourished. 

 His six distinguished teachers wrote on history and mathematics, and taught religion. 



"The same year" (Raja Tarangini, and Prinsep i. 40), in Cashmere, end of the reign of Abhi- 

 manya, successor of Canishca. 



" D'hanvantari is named in the "slokae" of the Ayurvedas, medical stanzas demonstrated by 

 him*— (Susrut. sutr. 1 to sar. 4) ; is mentioned also by Valmiki ram. ii. 40, and in the Vishnu 

 purana iv. 8. 



* Cissampdos hexandra of Eastern Hindustan. The " sank'hini " or " sreyasi " prescribed in 

 the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. sar. 2 to kalp. 3), is referred here by Hessler : C. hexandra 

 was observed by Roxburgh in Hindustan, is described also by Fischer (Steud.). 



Xylocarpus qranatum of Tropical shores from Ceylon to Tongatabu. A submaritime tree called 

 in Sanscrit "puroosha," in Bengalee "puroosha" or "puroos" or "pussoor" (J. F. Wats.), in Cin- 

 galese " kadul-gaha," in Tamil "kandalanga" (Lindl.), in Burmah "pen-lai-ung" (Mason), in Tagalo 

 " calumpang sa lati" or " nigui " or "tabigui," in Pampango "migui" (Blanco) ; in which we recog- 

 nize the "parusha " of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. sar. 2) : X. granatum was observed 

 by Koeni- Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as the mouths of the Ganges (Drur.); by Mason v. 494 to 539, 

 in Burmah " common in the mangrove swamps " the falling fruit floating out upon the sea, " exceed- 

 ingly astringent and regarded by the natives as a specific in cholera;" the bark and other parts, 

 according to Drury by the Malays ; is described by Rumphius iii. pi. 61 ; was observed by Blanco 

 on the Philippines ; by myself, along the seashore of the Feejeean Islands and as far as Tongatabu. 



