OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 413 



in Burmah "sha" (Mason) ; in which we recognize the "k'hadira" or " kantaki " or "kapitana" or 

 " mandana " of D'hanvantari — (Susrut. v. 3), the " khadira " club and staff for warriors in the insti- 

 tutes of Manu ii. 45 to viii. 313, and the " khadira " of Valmiki ram. i. 12 : A. catechu was observed 



citrina was observed by Roxburgh ii. 435 in the forests of Bengal ; its fruit according to Lindley " a 

 common article in the Hindoo materia medica, usually employed as a gentle purgative." 



Trichosanthes cucumerina of Tropical Hindustan.. The hitler gourd is called in Sanscrit 

 " patola," in Telinga " patolas " (J. F. Wats.) or " aduvee-putla " (Lindl.) or " chaynd-potla," in Tamil 

 " poodel" or " pepoodel." in Bengalee " bunputol" (Drur.), in Burmah " tha-bwo't-kha" (Mason); 

 in which we recognize the " patoli " or " patolika " to be mixed in food according to the stanzas of 

 the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. chik. 5): T. cucumerina was observed by Rheede viii. pi. 15 in Malabar; 

 by Graham, "wild in hedges etc." in the environs of Bombay ; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as 

 far as Bengal, its unripe fruit very bitter but eaten by the natives in their curries, and its seeds, leaves, 

 root, and young shoots employed medicinally ; by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah, its fruit " eaten by 

 the natives only ; by Blume bijdr. 934, as far as the Malayan archipelago. 



Trichothanthes dioica of Tropical Hindustan. Called in the Taleef Shereef " patole," in Hin- 

 dustanee "pulvul" or "pulwul," in Bengalee "pulta" (J. F. Wats.); and the "patoli" or "patolika" 

 or " ramyaka " of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. chik. 5), is referred here by Hessler : T. 

 dioica was observed by Roxburgh, Piddington, Royle, and Jameson, cultivated as an article of food 

 in the region watered by the Ganges (J. F. Wats., and Drur.). 



Luffa acutangula of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Bengalee 

 "jhingo," in Tamil " peekun-kai " in Telinga "beer-kai," in Hindustanee " torooi " (Drur.), in the 

 environs of Bombay " toorai " or " gosalee " (Graham), and species of Luffa in Sanscrit " kosataki " 

 (J. F. Wats.) : the "kosataki" or "koshataki" of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. Chik. 5), 

 may be compared : L. acutangula was observed by Rheede viii. pi. 7 in Malabar ; by Graham, "com- 

 monly cultivated " in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the penin- 

 sula, in hedges and waste lands and besides cultivated, its half-grown fruit " one of the best native 

 vegetables in India" and much used in curries (Drur.). 



Randia dumetorum of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A thorny arborescent 

 shrub called in Sanscrit " madana " (Ainsl ), in Telinga " mangha," in Tamil " marukarung," in Hindus- 

 tanee " myn " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " ghelah " or " gaerah " or " peiraloo " (Graham) ; in 

 which we recognize the " madana " of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. iii. 2) ; R. dumetorum was 

 observed by Law, Murray, and Graham, from Guzerat "throughout the Concans and Malabar," its 

 " fruit like a crab apple," and " used for poisoning fish ; " by Retz, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as 

 far as Mysore and Coromandel, its fruit " very commonly used as an emetic by the poorer classes ; " 

 was observed by Mason in Burmah ; by Blume bijdr. 981, as far as the Malayan archipelago. 



Embelia ribes of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A large climbing shrub called in Telinga 

 " vayu-velangam-chettu " (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil " vellal," in Malabar " vishaul," in Bengalee "ba- 

 berung" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " karkunnie " (Graham) : the " vid'anga" of the stanzas 

 of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. kalp. 3), is referred here by Hessler : E. ribes was observed by Graham 

 at " Mahableshwur, pretty common ; " by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight, as far as Silhet, its berries 

 used medicinally, and sometimes fraudulently intermingled with black pepper, being almost indistin- 

 guishable and withal somewhat pungent (Drur.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. 



Ickjwcarpus frutescens of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah A twining Apocynous plant called 

 in Sanscrit " syama " (J. F. Wats.), in Malabar " paal-vully," in Telinga " nalla-tiga," in Bengalee 

 " shyama-luta " (Drur.) or "syama-lata" (W. Jones); in which we recognize the "syama'' of the 

 stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Susrut. iv. 6 to 37), mentioned also in the Amara-cosha, and by Kalidasa : 

 I. frutescens was observed by Law, and Graham, in the Southern Mahratta country ; by Wight, and 

 Drury, as far as Travancore, " common in hedges ; " by Burmann zeyl. pi. 12, on Ceylon ; by W. Jones 

 as. res. iv. 261, Roxburgh, and Royle, as far as Bengal, used sometimes medicinally (Lindl.) ; by 

 Mason, indigenous in Burmah. (See Villarsia Indica). 



Rottlera tinctoria of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A tree called in Sanscrit "punnaga," in 

 Bengalee " poonnag," in Telinga " punnagamu " (J. F. Wats.) or " vassuntagunda," in Tamil " capi- 

 lapodi," in Hindustanee "katnal," in the environs of Bombay "shendree" (Graham), in Mysore 

 " cornuo-a-mungi-maram " monkeys-face tree from monkeys reddening their faces by rubbing against 

 the fruit (Buchanan) ; in which we recognize the " punnaga " of the stanzas of the Ayurvedas — (Sus- 

 rut. sar. 4), " poonnaga " of Valmiki ram. i. 25, the ape besmearing his female's face with flowery 

 dust in Bhavabhuti mal. 9, and bees abandoning the trees in Kalidasa ragh. iv. 57 : R. tinctoria was 

 observed by Rheede v. pi. 21 in Malabar; by Graham, on "hills throughout the Concans, the "mealy 

 powder" on the fruit "used by the natives to dye red ; " by Roxburgh, Royle, and Drury, "common 



