OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



4 1 / 



in cold water " becoming edible, and there is a variety which is "naturally sweet.'' Farther West, 

 was observed by Bojer growing spontaneously on Madagascar (see also Griseb. fl. bras. v. 28) ; by 

 Grant, in " plantain-groves 2° N." on the Nile, its " bulbs Brazil-nut size and shape, eating pleasantly 

 boiled." 



"The same year" (Liv., and Clint.), Dalmatia conquered by the Romans under L. Caecilius 

 Metellus. 



"The same year" (Porphyr., and Clint, iii. p. 399), in Egypt, Ptolemy VII. succeeded by Ptolemy 

 VIII. Lathyrus : his mother Cleopatra being the real ruler. The hieroglyphic ovals of Ptolemy 

 VIII. occur on a propylon at Koos, on temples at Ombos and Edfu, on the temple of Athyr at 

 Thebes, and on extensive restorations made at Medinet-abu with materials from Pharaonic ruins. 



Cassia absus of Hindustan. Allied species are called in Yemen " kolkol " .(Forsk.) ; and the 

 AKAKAAAIAA called NAPKICCOC according to Eumachus of Corcyra, — described by Dioscor- 

 ides as the fruit of a shrub growing in Egypt mixed in infusion in eye-salve, mentioned also by 

 Athenaeus xv. 27, and Paulus Aegineta, is referred here by Royle : C. absus was observed by 

 Alpinus, Hasselquist, and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt. Eastward, was observed by Burmann pi. 

 97 on Ceylon ; by Royle, indigenous in Hindustan and the fruit employed for the medicinal purpose 

 described by Dioscorides. 



" 1 16 B. C. = 1st year of the ' youan-ting' of Wou-ti " (Chinese chron. table). 



"Under the Han dynasty," the " Mao-mim" having their bodies "covered with hair," described 

 in the Chinese work " San-gai-kio (Chan-hai-king) " as "inhabiting the other side of the East sea: " 

 the earliest notice of the Ainos of the Northern Japan islands,* — according to the San-kokf (transl. 

 Klapr.), and Siebold (eluc. Vries). 



* Fucus {Alaria) esculenla of the Northern Japan seas. A seaweed or kelp growing from the 

 shore some fifty feet in length by a foot wide, called "kambou" or "koumbou (kuen-pou)," and eaten 

 by the Ainos and surrounding nations : — also found drifting throughout the Sea of Okhotsk : and far- 

 ther South, "generally eaten in Japan, has a very pleasant taste and is noted as being very wholesome 

 and nutritive," and forms an important article of export to China (addit. San-kokf transl. Klapr. p. 

 206, and Siebold eluc. Vries p. 66 and 174): was observed by Vries along the shores of Yeso; by 

 the Japanese traveller Toknai, along those of Krafto (Saghalien) ; by Erman, in the Okhotsk Sea; 

 and is collected and dried through regular fisheries both on Yeso and the Kurile Islands (Sieb.) ; and' 

 farther East, is known to grow in the Arctic portion of Alaska (Rothr. and Harv. in Smith's report 

 1867). From transported specimens, is described by Linnaeus, Agardh, and Ruprecht. 



Fucus sp. Another seaweed, called by the Japanese " kouro-kouki " or black sprouts, is equally 

 good to eat, — according to the addit. San-kokf (Klapr. transl.). 



Rosa rugosa of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called "mau," or in Japanese "hama 

 nasi," and the fruit generally eaten by the Ainos — (Sieb.) : observed by Vries on Yeso ; and by 

 Thunbero- p. 213, in Japan. Farther North, " R. Kamtschatica " whose fruit is eaten by the Kamt- 

 schatkans (Sieb.), may be compared. 



Rubus palmatus of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called " imare fureppi," or by the 

 Japanese " itsigo ; " — and the raspberries observed by Vries on Yeso, are referred here by Siebold 

 p. 41. Farther South, R. palmatus was observed by Thunberg in Japan. As transported to Europe, 

 is described by the younger Linna;us suppl. 263 (Pers.). 



Rubus triphyllns of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called in Japanese "myama asi 

 kudasi ; '' — and enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso. Farther South, 

 observed by Thunberg in Japan. 



Xanthoxylon sikcrebe of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called " wobakf," or by the 

 Ainos " sikerebe," or by the Japanese '• ki wada ; " — enumerated by Siebold among the edible and 

 useful plants of Yeso: the "woo-bek" enumerated in the San-kokf transl. Klapr. among the useful 

 plants of the Ainos, is doubtless identical. 



Juglans ticsiko of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called "kurumi" by the Japanese, 

 "nesiko" by the Ainos, and the nuts are called "ninum:" — enumerated by Siebold among the 

 edible and useful plants of Yeso. 



Brassica Chinensis of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Japanese " tona ; " — 

 and enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso. Received from China by 

 Linnaeus. 



Cochlearia sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called " tsi " or "kiseseri," or by the 

 Japanese "wasabi ; " — enumerated by Siebold among the edible and useful plants of Yeso. 



Vitis Yesoensis of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called "hats," or by the Japanese 

 " Jeso buto : " — enumerated by Siebold as a " delicious black grape " growing on Yeso. 



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