420 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



hum was observed by Forskal p. 5 among the mountains of Yemen ; by Graham, on " hills throughout 

 the Concans " to and beyond Bombay, its flowers "greenish or azure-coloured;" by Rheede ii. pi. 

 20, in Malabar ; by Roxburgh, and Wallich rar. iii. pi. 10S, in other parts of Hindustan, and according 

 to Lindley " said to be diuretic." 



Saccharum munja of Tropical Hindustan. A reed called in Hindustanee " munja " (Drur.) ; in 

 which we recognize the " moundja " used for removing impurities from drink according to the Rig 

 Veda ii. 3.4; "munja" cincture of Brahmans, mentioned in the Institutes of Manu ii. 42, — and by 

 Kalidasa kum. v. 10 ; and " munja " grass of the Sutta Samanna Phala (Burn. ii. 477), Susrutas chik. 

 J7 to 19, and the Vishnu purana iv. 6: S. munja was observed by Roxburgh, and Royle, growing 

 abundantly along the banks of the Ganges at Benares, its leaves twisted into strong tow-ropes by 

 boatmen, and used besides for rigging on the Indus (Drur.). 



The "risya" or white-footed antelope (A. nilgau), and the "gavaya" (gayal ox), mentioned in 

 the Yajur Veda (Colebr. as. res. p. Sco). 



In the Saraa Veda adhy. 12 and 22 Jamadagni, and Vrihaspati, are mentioned, also Kasyapa 

 (prapath. i 9), and the descendants of Angiras (adhy. i. 4). 



The rishis or poets, whose stanzas are quoted in the prapathaka, are Puruhanman, Ahi, Virupa 

 Vasu, Yata, Atri, Jeta, Kasyapa, Medha, Sumedha, Nrimedha, Trimedhas, Jamadagni, Prayaga, 

 Mada, Gaupayana, Satya, Satyadhriti, Gopavana, Kanwa, Praskanwa, Trayukil, Upastuta, Vriha- 

 dukta, Vemada, Trisiras, Budhagarishti, Ullovatayana, Yutadakshna, Sakti, Ibhi, Devaja, Garbha, 

 Puruchchhesa, Nodha, Twishta, Sasoka, Godha, Sahago, Gauriviti, Vena, Devajamya, Saya, Garga, 

 Dwaita, Vasuyava, Puru, Gritsamada, Payu, Dirghatima, Trita, Trimati, Rigiswana, Haryata, Gauri, 

 Tarkshya, Rinu, Vrismatilhi, Saunaka, Niranyaslhupa, Sumitra, Nandhasa, Kaleya, Ritu, Suhotra, 

 and Kula : 



Also Usana or Ushana, represented as reciting in adliyaya i. 10 to viii. 1, Bharadwaja.'Medhatithi, 

 Vatsa, Vamadeva, Madhuchhanda, Vasishtha, Saubhari, Viswamitra, Vatsapriya, Gautama, Gotama, 

 Srutakaksha, Trisoka, Irimi, Sukaksha, Irisni, Soka, Kusidina, Priyamedhas, Pragatha, Sanyu, Puru- 

 midha, Rebhas, Kali, Miri, Devatithi, Aswina. Taurasravasa, Kutsa, Dyutana, Tiraschi, Viswamanas, 

 Narada, Parvata, Sunahsepha, Bharga, Trinpani, and Manu. 



Sarcostemma vimmale of Tropical Arabia and Hindustan. A leafless ascending many-branched 

 Asclepiaceous plant called in Yemen " mila:b " (Forsk.), in Telinga " tiga tshomoodoo," in Bengalee 

 "bramee" or " shomluta" (Drur.) ; and the " soma," leafless according to the prapath. vi. 7. 12, its 

 prepared juice first obtained by Ushana celebrated throughout the Sama Veda, — mentioned also in 

 the Puranas, is referred here by writers : S. viminale was observed by Lush on the " isle of Perim," 

 by Graham, and myself, "throughout the Deccan," and, according to Gibson, water impregnated with 

 the stems and common salt is employed by the natives to destroy white ants in sugar-cane fields ; by 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Coromandel, its milky juice so mild that travellers suck the tender 

 shoots to allay thirst ( Drury). Westward, was observed by Forskal p. 50 near mount Melhan in Yemen, 

 eaten by cattle ; by Alpinus pi. 190, in Egypt. By European colonists was carried to Brazil, observed 

 by myself naturalized at the base of the Organ mountains. 



Btttea frondosa of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. Called in Sanscrit "pulasa," in Bengalee 

 " pulas," in Telinga " maduga " (Lindl.), in Hindustanee " palas," in Tamil " porasum " (Drur.). in 

 Burmah "pouk" (Mason) ; in which we recognize the " palasa " named with honour in the Vedas, — 



"saivala " (W. Jones) or "sivala" (Pidd.) ; and the " sipala" of the Rig Veda viii. 27, driven by the 

 wind from the surface of the water, — is referred here by Langlois : the "shivula" is mentioned by 

 Valmiki ii. 3 ; the "saivala" by Bhavabhuti mal. 6, and is prescribed medicinally by Susrutas sutr. 

 45 to chik. iS : V. octandra was observed by Nimmo, and Graham, on " margins of tanks throughout 

 the Concan ; " by W. Jones as. res. 275, and Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. 165, as far as Bengal. 



I'altisucria alteniifolia of Hindustan. Included apparently in the "sipala" — and "shivula" 

 above-mentioned : observed by Nimmo, and Graham, " in tanks throughout the Concans," and " used 

 for refining sugar ; " by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan. 



I'allisncria spiralis of both continents. Included apparently in the "sipala" — and " shivula " 

 above-mentioned : observed by Nimmo "in tanks " in the environs of Bombay (Graham) ; by Rox- 

 burgh, Gardner, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; and known to grow as far as Australia 

 (Graham). Westward, was observed by Ledebour iv. 46 in the Volga; by Micheli gen. pi. 10, in 

 Italy ; by La Peyrouse pyr. 594, in the Aude and Garonne, and is known to grow in the Rhone and 

 other waters of Southern France (Pers., and A. Dec). Farther West, was observed by Pursh in 

 the Oswego river ; by myself, from Lat. 40° along the Atlantic ; is known to grow as far as the St. 

 John's river in Florida and the Mississippi (Willd., and Pers.) ; was observed by Short in Kentucky ; 

 and by Nuttall, from Lake Michigan to Arkansas. 



