OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



423 



out Guzerat," its young tender fruit "pickled, alao eaten as a vegetable by the natives" (Graham) ; 

 by Colebrooke as. res., and Roxburgh, as far as Silhet, its fruit larger and more mucilaginous than 

 that of C. myxa (Lindl., and Drur.). 



Achyranthes aspera of Tropical Asia. A weed called in Egypt " na^ajm," in Yemen " uokkes " 

 or "hollem " or " mahot " (Forsk.), in Hindustanee " chikra " or " chirchira," in Bengalee " opang," 

 in Tamil "na-yurioi," in Telinga "utta-reni" or "antisha" or " apa-margamu " or " pratyak-pushpi " 

 (Drur.), in Tagalo "libai " or "docotdocot '' or "hangor hangot," in Bisaya "hangor," in Pampango 

 "angud" (Blanco); and the " kubdja " or "kubdjaka" of the Institutes of Manu viii. 247 — is 

 referred here by Deslongchamps : the " taruna " or "apamarga" or " pratyakpushpi " is prescribed 

 medicinally by Susrutas sutr. 16 to 36 and chik. 18: A. aspera was observed by Rheede x. pi. 78 in 

 Malabar; by Graham, " a common weed " around Bombay, appearing " during the rains ; " by Ainslie, 

 Buchanan, Roxburgh, Wight, from Mysore to Bengal and Oude, and by Burmann Zeyl. pi. 50 on 

 Ceylon, its seeds and flowering-spikes given in hydrophobia, scorpion-stings, and snake-bites (Drur.). 

 Farther East, was observed by Mason in Burmah ; by Blanco, and myself, on the Philippines; by 

 myself, from the Feejeean throughout the Tropical islands of the Pacific as far as Clermont-Ton- 

 nerre coral-island, in some instances having an indigenous aspect. Westward from Hindustan, was 

 observed by Forskal p. 48 in Tropical Arabia ; by Drdge, in Austral Africa (E. Meyer) ; by Grant, 

 " about huts 4 18' S. to y° N." on the Nile ; is known to occur also in Abyssinia and Senegal (Moq., 

 and A. Dec.) ; was observed by Webb on the Cape Verd Islands ; by Forskal, and Delile, around 

 Cairo in Egypt ; by Boccone pi. 9, and Sibthorp, in Sicily (Pers.) ; by Schousboe, in Morocco ; and 

 is termed " amaranthus siculus spicatus radice perenni " by Tournefort inst. 235. Probably by 

 European colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where according to Bojer it has become 

 naturalized (A. Dec); to Jamaica (Pers.), St. Croix (West), and other islands in the West Indies. 

 (See Agrostis alba). 



" 114 B. C." (Burm. hist., and Mason 40), Therereet succeeded by Taepah as Burmese king.* 



* Melanorrlitza usitatissima of Burmah. A Terebinthoid tree called "theet-sa; " (Mason), yield- 

 ing the Burmese black varnish celebrated from early times, used besides by the natives for a vermi- 

 fuge, and mixed with bone ashes to stick glass on boxes and images ; the timber also of fine quality, 

 resembling lignum-vitas, and affording a red dye : — observed by Wallich, Berdmore, and Mason v. 

 511 to 514, indigenous in the forests, and sometimes cultivated. 



Bauhinia purpurea of the Siamese countries. A Leguminous tree called in the environs of 

 Bombay " dewa kunchun " (Graham) ; in Burmah " ma-ha-hlas-ga-nee " (Mason), and from early 

 times familiarly known : — observed by Mason v. 771 indigenous in Burmah. Westward, is termed 

 "b. triandra " by Roxburgh ii. 320; was observed by Rheede i. pi. 33 in Malabar; by Graham, in 

 "gardens Bombay," its "fragrant flowers of a deep rose colour;" by Wight 915, in other parts of 

 peninsular Hindustan. (See B. variegata.) 



Pterocaipus Indicus of the Siamese countries and Malayan archipelago. A majestic ornamental 

 Leguminous tree called in Burmah " pa-douk " (Mason), and from early times familiarly known : — 

 observed by Mason v. 405 indigenous there, but " propagated by simply planting large branches in 

 the ground : '' described also by Rumphius ii. pi. 70 (Pers.), and Roxburgh. 



Acacia rugata of Burmah. The soap acacia, its dry pods from early times a substitute for soap 

 in cleansing the hair, and its leaves with turmeric affording a beautiful green dye : — observed by 

 Mason v. 515 to 517 : described also by Buchanan. 



Bruguiera eriopetala, Carallia lucida, and Ceriops Roxburgkianus, of the shores of Bengal and 

 Burmah. Mangroves or tide-water shrubs and trees, from early times familiarly known, — their bark 

 accordino- to Mason v. 515 abounding "in tannic acid," suitable therefore for making leather. 



Morinda bracteata of Burmah. A woody Cinchonaceous plant called "yai-yo," its fruit from 

 early times a <reat favourite with the Burmese, served up in their curries : — enumerated by Mason 

 v. 463 as indigenous, though "often seen" near native dwellings. Described also by Roxburgh. 



Psychotria sp. of Burmah. A handsome Cinchonaceous shrub, known from early times for the 

 bright yellow dye obtained from its root : —observed by Mason v. 414 to 512. 



Diospyros mollis of the mountains separating Tavoy from Siam. A tree said to grow wild 

 there called by the Sgau Karens " ma-kleu," and the Shan black dye obtained from its fruit cele- 

 brated from early times : — the living tree observed by Mason v. 509 " in the gardens of Tavoy and 

 Maulmain." 



Daphne ? hsa>-lce of the forests of Tenasserim. A large woody creeper, its bark from early times 

 made by Tavoyers into a coarse paper thick as paste-board, which when blackened is written upon 

 with a steatite pencil : — observed by Mason v. 521. 



Arum furfuraceum of Burmah. Its esculent root known from early times, — and by McClelland 

 termed scaly yam (Mason v. 465). 



