426 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



by Grant growing by water at " 3° N." on the Nile, its berries sweet, and a mash of them and its 

 leaves used to bring fish to the surface. 



On the other hand, the Hylophagi according to Agatharchides ascend trees in whole families, and 

 eat A IT A A Ol T A T H N : Y A H N the tender parts of the extreme branchlets, and both men and women 

 go entirely naked. 



Cratava Adansoni of Tropical Africa. A Capparideous tree ; and its young shoots probably 

 included among the ATT A A UUT ATH N ; YAHN eaten by the Hylophagi : — observed by Guillemin 

 and Perrotet in Senegambia; by Grant, in " 3 15' N." along the Nile, its "fresh shoots made into 

 spinage and young branches into tooth-scrubbers." 



Capparis tomentosa of Tropical Africa. Called in Madi " kowangwee '' (Grant) ; and its leaves 

 probably included among the " apalotaten ulen " eaten by the Hylophagi : — received by Lamarck 

 enc. 606 from Senegal (Pers.) ; observed by Grant on " Madi plains " on the Upper Nile, in famines 

 spinage made from its leaves. 



Afzelia Pctt'rsiiina? of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A forest tree called "makola" (Grant); 

 and its young leaves probably included in the "apal6taten ulen " eaten by the Hylophagi : — observed 

 by Grant from Uzaramo opposite Zanzibar to " Madi 3 N." on the Nile, its young leaves eaten as 

 spinage, and its wood used for quivers drums and door-planks. 



Leptadenia lancifoha ? of Tropical Africa. An Asclepiaceous plant; and its flowers and tender 

 shoots included perhaps in the "apalCtaten ulen" eaten by the Hylophagi : — observed by Grant in 

 "3° N." on the Nile, spinage made of its flowers and tender shoots. " Cynanchum lanceolatum" 

 was received from Africa by Poiret, and is termed " c. hastatum " by Persoon (Steud.). 



Prolea sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A low tree called in the Kinyoro language "m'zaza," 

 in the Kihiyow " king'eezee " (Grant); and its leaves perhaps included in the " apal6taten ulen'' 

 eaten by the " Hylophagi : — observed by Grant in " Madi woods " on the Upper Nile, the leaves 

 eaten as spinage in dearths, and where it abounds the natives say "copal is also found." 



ZizvpJius mclaiiagona of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A species resembling Z. jujuba is called in 

 the Kinyoro language " kalembo," in Suahili "m'konazee" (Grant); and the TTAAIOYPOY: 

 KAPTTON mixed according to Agatharchides 34 in pounded fish by the Ichthyophagi along the sea- 

 coast, — maybe compared: also the "grape tree" with "fruit having a stone," seen by Ebn Baluta 

 9 at Makdashu on the African coast: observed by Giant in Ugani, and common everywhere, its 

 branches made into fences, and its fruit mashed and thrown into the water to bring fish to the sur- 

 face ; observed by myself, a single tree planted on Zanzibar, the leaves glaucous beneath, and clearly 

 the same species in Hindustan, planted around villages on the Deccan. Z. melaiiogona was observed by 

 Bojer, a tree growing on Mombas isle, and specimens were carried to the Mauritius Islands and cultivated. 

 Zizyphw, spina Christi of the Sahara or Great Desert and its continuation in Arabia. Called 

 in Egypt " sidr " or " nabk " (Forsk) and its fruit " nabqah " (Del), in Yemen "sidr" or "ghasl" 

 or"aelb," but the straight-branched variety "ardj " or " orredj " (Forsk.); and possibly furnishing 

 the withs TTAAIOYPUUN : AYfOIC used according to Agatharchides 63 by the Troglodytes (Galla) 

 in binding up corpses : — Z. spina Christi is termed " z. africana" by Miller (Steud.) ; was observed 

 by Alpinus pi. 19 in Egypt; by Forskal, in gardens at Cairo, the fruit eaten ; and again by Forskal 

 p. 204, in Tropical Arabia; is known to grow in Aetliiopia, and as far as Palestine (Pers.). West- 

 ward, was observed by Desfontaines fl. atlant. in Algeria (Del.) ; is perhaps the species seen by 

 myself not exceeding the dimensions of a shrub on the Cape Verd Islands. 



Passia Parka of Tropical Africa. The shea butter tree is called " meepampa " (Grant) ; and 

 the drink according to Agatharchides 61 made from a flower for the Troglodyte chiefs, and resembling 

 poor must rAGYKel, — maybe compared (sugar and an intoxicating liquor being obtained from 

 the flowers of other species of Bassia in Hindustan) : B. Parkii was observed by Grant only at 

 "3 N." on the Nile, its thick bark cut away to cause the exuding of a hard white insoluble gum, 

 but its wood too hard for the iron tools of the natives. Westward, was observed by Park in Sene- 

 gambia, and is described by G. Don. According to Burnett, much of the palm oil of commerce is 

 yielded by species of Bassia or other Sapotaceas (Lindl.). 



Salvadora Persica of Nubia, Abyssinia, and Tropical .Arabia. Called in Nubia " rak " (Del.) 

 or " arak " (Grant), in Yemen " rak " or " redif," or the tree '■ ork " and its fruit " kebath '' (Forsk.) ; 

 and the K A PA AMO Y of incredible size, growing according to Agatharchides S4 on the plains extend- 

 ing from the extreme promontory of the Troglodytes (beyond the Red Sea) back to the Psebaean 

 mountains, — maybe compared: the "mustard-tree" of the parable (Matth. xiii. 31, Mark iv. 31, 

 and Luke xiii. 19), or the "chardal" of the Talmudists affording timber "sufficient to cover a pot- 

 ter's shed," is referred here by Royle (Kitt. bibb cycl.) : and "rahous " are mentioned by Pausanias 

 ii. 32: "rack-trees" were observed by Bruce on the Taranta mountains in Abyssinia; S. Persica, 

 celebrated in Arab song as an antidote against poison, was observed by p'orskal p. 32 alon°- the 

 base of the mountains in Yemen; its fruit eaten, and bruised ka\es applied to tumours; by Grant, 



