428 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



ics they yet retained its name, " kakari " — in New Zealand signifying " feast : " C. nucifera throughout 

 the Pacific occurs only on those islands to which it has been carried by the natives, a fact well known 

 to traders ; was observed by myself only under cultivation throughout the islands of the Pacific and 

 the Malayan archipelago. Farther West, three hundred and sixty different uses of a " phoinikos " 

 are enumerated in a Persian poem (Strab. xvi. 1. 14) ; nuts were seen by Apollonius of Tyana in 

 Hindustan, such as in the days of Philostratus iii. 5 were kept as curiosities in the temples of Greece 

 (Beckm.) ; the "karuon megiston ton inthikon" is mentioned in pseudo-Callisthenes iii. 8, "karuston 

 to megiston to inthikoun" by Palladius brachm. 5 (C. Mull fragm. Ctes.) ; "argellia" were growing 

 on the Maldives and Laccadives in the days of Cosmas Indicopleustes xi. 336 ; " na-lo-k'i-lo " were 

 seen in Hindustan by the Chinese traveller Hiouen-Thang ; the cocoanut palm is fully described by 

 Ebn Wahab, and Abu Zaid, who speak of a class of devotees planting it on uninhabited islands (a 

 seeming explanation of its presence on the Mauritius Islands " two centuries " before the time of 

 Marcgraf) ; and imported nuts are mentioned by Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, and Mesue : C. 

 nucifera was observed by myself along the seashore of Western Hindustan and Eastern Equatorial 

 Africa, cultivated for its crude sap or "toddy;" at Muscat, was said to be cultivated "in the Inte- 

 rior country ; at Mocha, a locality given by Forskal, I found only one or two young shoots ; but in 

 Egypt, nuts in quantities imported by the way of Mecca and the Thebaid. Eastward from the Poly- 

 nesian islands, nuts were seen by Columbus on his fourth voyage, in Central America (Churchill coll.) ; 

 the living C. nucifera is said by Oviedo to abound "in the province of the cacique Chimam," on the 

 Pacific side of the Isthmus ; by Dampier, to grow not on the main land but on outlying islands ; was 

 observed by Wafer, and Vancouver, covering the uninhabited not far distant Cocos Island. By Euro- 

 pean colonists, was carried to the West India islands in the life-time of Petrus Martyr i. 14S (Sloane 

 ii. 9) ; afterwards to Brazil (Mnrcgr. and Pis. 65 to 138) ; to Congo and Benguela (Marcgr. 138, and 

 Mart. 125) ; and to the Cape Verd Islands, observed there by myself. 



Paritium tiliaccuvi of wooded Tropical shores around the Globe. A straggling interlaced tree 

 of medium size called in Malabar " paroottee," in Bengalee " bola " (Drur.), in Burmah " lyee-nya- 

 sha " (Mason), in Tagalo and Pampango " balibago,'' on Cebu " malabago " and Dagami " raguindi " 

 (Blanco), on the Feejeean Islands "vau,'on the Tongan Samoan and Nukahivan Islands " fau " 

 (Hale), by the Mosquito tribe of Honduras " maho " (Damp.), in Carib " onagneii " (Uescourtilz) ; 

 and except on secluded coral-islands familiarly known to the Polynesians : — observed by myself 

 forming proves along the seashore from the Hawaiian Islands and Metia to the Feejeean Islands and 

 the Malayan archipelago, its bark everywhere used by the natives for making cordage, coarse and 

 fine ; by Blanco on the Philippines, and by Rumphius ii. pi. 73, used for the same purpose; by Mason 

 v. 520 in Burmah, one of the three trees from which " ropes are more frequently made ; " by Rheede 

 i. pi. 30, in Malabar ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in other parts of the peninsula ; but by Gra- 

 ham, under cultivation only in the vicinity of Bombay. Westward, was observed by Drege in Aus- 

 tral Africa ; is known to grow along the Atlantic in Equatorial Africa (R. Brown, Hook., and A. Dec); 

 was observed by Lerius, and A. Saint-Hilaire, in Brazil; by Sloane, Macfadyen, and Descourtilz, in 

 the West Indies; by Dampier in Honduras, its bark furnishing cords and fishing lines. "P. tri- 

 cuspe," a single tree observed on Taheiti, appeared to me only a remarkable deviation in the form 

 of the leaf. P. macrophyllum, distinguished in Burmah and called " bet-mwae-shau," is enumerated 

 by Mason v. 520 as another of the three trees from which "ropes are usually made." 



Siegcsbeckia Oricntalis of Tropical and Subtropical Australia? A weed called in the environs 

 of Canton "chimag" (Osb.) ; and known to the Polynesians as early probably as this date: — 

 received from Mexico (Pers.) ; observed by myself in cultivated and fallow ground on Metia, Taheiti, 

 Tongatabu, New Zealand, and seemingly indigenous on the tide-water fiat of the Hunter river in Aus- 

 tralia ; observed by Thunberg, in Japan ; by Osbeck, in the vicinity of Canton ; by Roxburgh, and 

 Wight, in peninsular Hindustan; by Graham, and Lush, "common in the Deccan," but no native 

 name is given ; by Forskal p. 151, in Tropical Arabia ; and received from the Caspian countries by 

 Buxbaum cent. iii. pi. 52, and Bieberstein (Steud.) ; was observed by Bojer on Madagascar and the 

 Comoro Islands. Probably by European colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it has 

 become naturalized (Boj.). 



Ageratum conyzoides of Tropical America. A weed carried to the islands of the Pacific as 

 early perhaps as this date : * — observed by myself abounding seemingly indigenous on the Hawaiian 



* Adenostemma viscosum of Tropical America ? An herbaceous weed carried to Taheiti as early 

 possibly as this date : — observed there by Forster prodr. 2S4 ; by myself, there and on the Hawaiian, 

 Samoan, and Feejeean Islands, frequent in neglected clearings, also in the Malayan archipelago ; by 

 Thunberg, in Japan ; by Burmann pi. 42, on Ceylon; by Rheede x. pi. 63, in Malabar; by Graham, 

 "a common weed" as far as Bombay. 



Bidens fiilosa of Tropical and Subtropical America. A white-rayed species carried to the islands 



