430 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



in Peru ; is known to grow in the West Indies (Pers.) ; was observed by Baldwin as far as N. Lat. 

 30° in Florida, by Chapman in " fields and waste ground Florida and Northward," and by Elliot as 

 far as Savannah . Transported to Europe, the "helicacabum " of Camerarius hort. med. pi. 17 is 

 referred here by Sprengel, and P. angulata is described by Dillenius elth. xiii. pi. 12. "P. minima" 

 observed by Rheede x. pi. 71 in Malabar, described also by Hermann lugd. pi. 571 (Pers.), " a 

 common annual '' around Bombay and " covered with clammy hairs " is yet regarded by Graham as 

 probably not distinct. 



Euxahis viridis of Tropical America. A weed called in Brazil "caruru" (Lindl.) ; and known 

 to the Polynesians as early perhaps as this date : — observed by Lay and Collie on the Taheitian 

 Islands ; by myself, on Metia and the Samoan Islands ; is known to grow on Java (Moq.) ; was 

 observed by Roxburgh in Hindustan ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, "a common weed in gardens 

 and cultivated grounds," but he gives no native name ; is known to occur also near dwellings in 

 Abyssinia, North Africa, and as far as Europe and the Canary Islands. Eastward from the islands 

 of the Pacific, was observed by Marcgraf and Piso 241 before 165S in Brazil, where it continues to 

 be used "for emollient poultices" (Lindl.) ; was received from Brazil and the West Indies by Moquin 

 (Dec. herb, and prodr.). 



Canna Indica of Tropical America. The scarlet-flowered Indian-shot is called in Malabar 

 " katoo-bala," in Tamil " kull-valei-munnie," in Telinga " krishna-tamarah," in Bengalee " surbo-jaya " 

 (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "dewa-keli" or "nana-keli" or " vana-keli " or " akulbuera " 

 (Graham), in Burmah " bud-di-tha-ra-na " (Mason), in Tagalo " cacuentasan " or "ticas" or "ticas 

 ticas " or '■ tiquis tiquis " (Blanco), in Carib " couroualy " or " balyry " or "bacuacanga" (Desc.) ; 

 and known to the Polynesians as early perhaps as this date : — observed by myself cultivated by the 

 natives for ornament on the Taheitian, Samoin, Tongan, and Feejeean Islands, and found by Rich 

 naturalized on the Samoan Islands ; is termed " cannacorus " by Rumphius v. pi. 71 ; was observed 

 by myself in gardens at Manila ; by Mason v. 434 to 806 "exotic" in Burmah, much cultivated by 

 the natives " for the seeds which they use for sacred beads ; " by Rheede xi. pi. 43, in Malabar ; by 

 Roxburgh, and Drurv, in other parts of Hindustan, its root given to cattle that have eaten poisonous 

 grass ; by Graham, " in gardens everywhere " in the environs of Bombay, and sometimes called 

 Indian bead. Eastward from the islands of the Pacific, seeds were brought to Portugal from 

 the West Indies in the early part of the Sixteenth century (C. Bauhin) ; " its leaves are used to thatch 

 houses with in Cayenne " (Graham); and the living plant was seen in the West Indies by Des- 

 courtilz ; by myself, seemingly wild in the environs of Rio Janeiro. By European colonists, may 

 have been carried to the Hawaiian Islands, where I found it only in the gardens of resident Whites. 

 Transported to Europe, is described by Gesner, Lobel, Camerarius, and Morison iii. pi. 14 ; has 

 become naturalized on Sicily (Guss., Parlat., and A. Dec.) ; and was observed by Forskal, and 

 Delile, in the gardens of Egypt, its seeds sold in the drug-shops. 



Kyllingia pumila of Tropical and Subtropical America. A diminutive Cyperaceous weed called 

 in Tagalo "muthang anuang " (Blanco); and except on secluded coral-islands, long familiarly 

 known to the Polynesians : — observed by myself in moist situations, as though accompanying 

 taro culture, on the Hawaiian, Taheitian, Samoan, and Feejeean Islands, and in the Malayan archi- 

 pelago ; by Blanco, frequent on the Philippines and known to the natives; is known to occur on 

 Timor (Decaisne) ; is described by Rumphius vi.pl. 8; was observed by Mason in Burmah; by 

 Rheede xii. pi. 53, in Malabar; by Roxburgh^ in other parts of Hindustan; by Graham, as far as 

 Bombay ; by Forskal, " schoenus dubius ? spicar. capit. terminal." on the mountains of Yemen ; by 

 Bojer, on Madagascar and the Comoro Islands ; and is known to occur in Western Equatorial 

 Africa. (Benth. fl. nigr.). Eastward from the islands of the Pacific, was observed by myself in 

 Peru and Southern Brazil ; was received by Kunth from Caraccas ; was observed by Baldwin at 

 Bahia, and at Savannah in Georgia; by Pursh, and Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, " wet 

 places Florida to North Carolina;" by Nuttall, along the Mississippi; by Short, in Kentucky; and 

 by Michaux, as far as the Scioto. By European colonists, was carried to St. Helena, observed there 

 by myself; to the Mauritius Islands (enumerated by Bojer as indigenous). 



Ccnchrus ecliiuatus of Tropical and Subtropical America. A spiked bur grass called in Yemen 

 with other burs "hobb el adjais " (Forsk.), in Tagalo " aguingai " (Blanco), and carried to the 

 islands of the Pacific as early perhaps as this date : — received by Cavanilles v. pi. 463 from Babao 

 (Tongan Islands); observed by myself abundantly naturalized on the Hawaiian, Taheitian, Tongan, 

 and Feejeean Islands ; by Blanco, at Batangas, and received also from Luzon by Kunth i. 166; by 

 Bentham from Hindustan; observed by Forskal p. 25 at Menejra; in Yemen ; and known to occur 

 in cultivated ground in Western Equatorial Africa (Benth. fl. nigr.) and Barbary (Pers.). East- 

 ward from the islands of the Pacific, is known to grow in Mexico, Cumana, Brazil, the West 

 Indies (Kunth); was observed by Elliot in South Carolina; by Chapman, in "fields and waste 

 grounds .Florida to North Carolina." By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, 



