OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 435 



Orobus tuberosus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain heath pea 

 (Prior), and the ACT PA TAAOC of Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 62), growing according to Dioscorides in 

 shaded breezy and snowy situations and abounding around Pheneum in Arcadia, having "e>6vinth6"- 

 like leaves and branches, small purple flowers, and a large rounded root with implicated appendages, 

 is referred here by Sprengel : the name " astragalos " continued extant in Greece in the days of 

 Anguillara p. 267 (Spreng.) : O. tuberosus was observed by Sibthorp in woods near Constantinople. 

 Westward, the " astragalos " or "onux" or " gatales " or "hamaisuke" is identified in the Syn. 

 Diosc. with the " phikoum tfirrai " or " glanthoulam " or " pinoum trivioum " or " tioum " or " n6nar- 

 ian " of the Romans, and the account of the " astragalus " by Pliny xxvi. 29 is not altogether taken 

 from Dioscorides : O. tuberosus is termed " o. sylvaticus foliis oblongis glabris " by Tournefort inst. 

 393 ; was observed by Viviani in Italy (Steud.) ; and is known to grow throughout middle and 

 Northern Europe, the root according to Sprengel eaten in Sweden and forming an article of com- 

 merce (fl. Dan. pi. 781, and Curt. lond. i. pi. 53). 



Pimpinella tenuis of Syria and Crete. The *6YAOBOYN I N of Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 50), 

 a span high in Crete according to Dioscorides, with leaves and branches " vounifi "-like and acrid, is 

 referred here by Sprengel : the " pseudobunion," on Crete " laudatissima " of the best quality, is 

 mentioned by Pliny xxiv. 96: P. tenuis is described by Sieber, as observed by him on Crete ; and 

 farther East, " Tragium eriocarpum" of Russel is regarded as probably identical (Steud.). 



Trinia dioica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The "psSudovounion " of Zopyrus, 

 — and Dioscorides, is referred here by Lobel, and Fraas : T. dioica was observed by Sibthorp, Bory, 

 Grisebach, and Fraas, on high mountains from the Peloponnesus and Albania to Macedonia and the 

 Bithynian Olympus ; is known to grow also on the Taurian mountains (Bieb.), but has not been 

 observed on Crete. Westward, is described by Lobel pi. 745 (Spreng.); is termed "fceniculum 

 minimum patulum" by Tournefort inst. 312 ; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout middle 

 Europe (Thuil., Lam. fl. fr., Jacq. austr. pi. 28, Steud., and Lenz). 



Cressa Cretica of the shores of the Red Sea and neighbouring portion of the Mediterranean. 

 Called in Greece "almurithra" (Fraas): the ANBYAAIC of Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 62), saltish to 

 the taste according to Dioscorides and growing in sunny sandy places, its branches straight a span 

 long with soft lentil-like leaves, is referred here by Alpinus exot. p. 156, and others ; C. Cretica was 

 observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, on the seashore around the Peloponnesus and Greek 

 islands. Farther South, was observed by Forskal, and Delile, at the head of the Red Sea and called 

 at Suez " nadaoueh " dewy ; and by Forskal, along the Arabian shore as far as Lat. 16°, where it is 

 called " ghorara." Westward, the " anthullis " or " anthullon " is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with 

 the " solastrSum " of the Romans ; the account by Pliny xxi. 103 and xxvi. 5 1 of the " anthyllion " or 

 " anthyllum " seems taken from Dioscorides ; C. Cretica is described by Fuchsius p. 885 (Spreng.), 

 and Plukenet alm.pl. 43; is termed "quamoclit minima humifusa palustris herniariae folio" by 

 Tournefort cor. 4 ; and is known to grow along the Mediterranean as far as Tunis, Malta, and France 

 (Forsk., Desf. atl. i. p. 220, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



Orobanche grandiflora of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " lukos " (Fraas), in 

 which we recognize the " lukos " identified in Syn. Diosc. with the O PO B A TX H of Zopyrus — (Orib. 

 xiv. 62), and others, described by Dioscorides as edible, leafless, and suffocating " ospriois " different 

 kinds of pulse ; also identified in the Synonyms with the "kunomorion " or " leonta," and therefore 

 probably the " osproleonta" of Sotion, and Paxamus (geopon. ii. 42) : O. grandiflora is described by 

 Chaubard, as observed in the Peloponnesus ; and was found by Fraas the most frequent kind in 

 Greece. Westward, the "lupum salictarium" is enumerated by Pliny xxi. 50 among the edible 

 plants of Italy ; and O. grandiflora is known to grow on the nearest portion of the Pyrenees 



^Orobanche caryophyllacea of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Also called in Greece 

 "lukos" (Sibth.), and perhaps included in the " orovaghe " of Zopyrus, — and Dioscorides: O. cary- 

 ophyllacea was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground in Greece and the neigh- 

 bouring islands, according to Walpole mem. p. 244 fastening on bean plants and with difficulty 

 eradicated. Westward, the account by Pliny xxii. 80 of the " orobanche " or " cynomonon " seems 

 taken from Dioscorides: O. caryophyllacea is termed "o. major garyophyllum olens " by Tour- 

 nefort inst. 176; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe (Pollich, Pers., and 



PheMaea lutea of Arabia and North Africa. Called in Egypt "haluk" (Forsk.), the origin 

 nossiblv of the name " lukos " given in Greece to the above allied plants : - P. lutea was observed by 

 Forskal and Delile, along the Mediterranean border of Egypt ; and farther South, by Forskal p. 112 

 at Mor in Tropical Arabia, and called « hodar " or "zybb alkaa." Westward, was observed by Des- 

 fontaines atl. in Barbary ; but though termed "p. lusitanica flore lutea" by Tournefort cor. 47, its 

 presence in Portugal is questioned (Pers.). 



