436 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Salvia disermas of the East Mediterranean countries. The £A €AI C* A KOC : AGYKOCof 

 Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 65) may be compared : S. disermas is described by Barrelier pi. 187 ; is termed 

 " sclarea syriaca flore albo " by Tournefort inst. 179; is known to grow in Syria, the odour grateful 

 (Pers.) ; and was observed by Sibthorp in the environs of Constantinople. 



Cvtinns hypocistis of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Italy " ipocistide " or " ipocisto " 

 (Lenz), in which we recognize the YTTO KICTI C of Zopyrus— (Orib. xiv. 61), Themison, Servilius 

 Damocrates, and Andromachus, described by Dioscorides as leafless, yellowish and white, growing 

 on the roots of " kistou : " C. hypocistis was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on the roots of 

 different woody species of Cistus in Greece and Crete; and " hypocistis " juice from " Syria," was 

 found by Forskal in the drug-shops of Egypt. Westward, the " upokistis " or " kutinos " or " thru- 

 vethron " is identified in Syn. Diosc. with the "phullSsathe' " of the Numidians; the "hypocistis" is 

 mentioned by Celsus, and is identified with the " orobethron " by Pliny xxvi. 31; C. hypocistis is 

 termed " h. flore luteo " by Tournefort cor. 46 ; and is known to grow in Italy, and as far as Portugal 

 (Brot., Pers., and Lenz). 



Eupliorbia ehamaesvee of the Mediterranean countries and middle Asia. Called in Greece " ham- 

 otrivla " (Fraas): the XAMAICYKH of Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 62), having according to Dioscorides 

 prostrate branches full of juice and small lentil-like leaves upon the ground, identified in the added 

 Synonyms with the " suken " or " mekona apbr6the," is referred here by writers : E. chamaesyce was 

 observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in arid stony situations from the Peloponnesus through- 

 out Greece and the Greek islands; is known to grow also in Mesopotamia and Siberia (Pers.). 

 Westward, the account by Pliny xxiv. 83 of the " chamaesyce " seems chiefly taken from Dioscorides : 

 E. chamaesyce is described by Morison x. pi. 2; is termed " t. exiguus . . . nummularis folio" 

 by Tournefort inst. 87; and is known to grow in Italy, Southern France, and Spain (Lam. fl. fr., 

 Pers., and Lenz). 



Equisettim fluviatih of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " polutrihi " 

 (Sibth.), in Italy "seola " or " setola " (Lenz), in which we recognize the "equisetum pinus foliis 

 similem " called also "hippurin" or "ephedron" or "anabasin" according to Pliny xxvi. 83 : the 

 I TTTTOY PI C of Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 61), growing according to Dioscorides in watery places, its 

 stems hollow roughish and rigid, of joints inserted one in another, and around them numerous slender 

 rush-like leaves, identified in the added Synonyms with the " SphSthran " or "anavasis " called by 

 the Romans '■ ekunalis," is referred here by Sprengel : E. fluviatile was observed by Sibthorp, and 

 Bory, in watery places around Constantinople and in the Peloponnesus. Westward, is described by 

 Tragus f. 264; is termed "e. palustre longioribus setis" by Tournefort inst. 533 ; and is known to 

 grow in Italy and throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Engl. bot. 2022). 



Peltidea aphthosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The A 6 I X H N on rocks of 

 Zopyrus — (Orib. xiv. 62), adhering according to Dioscorides to dewy rocks and by some called 

 " vruon," applied to stop hemorrhage, also healing cutaneous eruptions, is referred here by Sprengel, 

 and Lindley : P. aphthosa was observed by Sibthorp around Athens and on mount Athos. West- 

 ward, the account by Pliny xxvi. 10 of the "aliud genus lichenis " adhering throughout to rocks like 

 " muscus," seems in part taken from Dioscorides: P. aphthosa is termed "lichenoides digitatum 

 lajte virens verrucis nigris notatum " by Dillenius pi. 2S. f. 106 ; and is known to grow throughout 

 Europe as far as Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 1 1 19), according to Lindley on "moist shady alpine rocks 

 among moss," and "said to be purgative and anthelmintic." 



Peltidea canina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain groiimi-liver- 

 woit (Prior), yet regarded by Sprengel as possibly included in the "leihen" of Zopyrus, — and 

 Dioscorides : P. canina was observed by Sibthorp from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople, grow- 

 ing upon the ground. Westward, P. canina is termed "I. pulmonarius saxatilis digitatus major 

 cinereus" by Tournefort inst. 549, "lichenoides digitatum cinereum lactucje foliis sinuosis " by 

 Dillenius pi. 27. f. 102; and is known to grow throughout Europe as far as Britain (Engl. bot. 

 pi. 2299). 



Lccanora parclla of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The "ISihen" of Zopyrus,— 

 and Dioscorides, is referred here by Fraas : L. parella was observed by him, and Sibthorp, frequent 

 on stones from the Peloponnesus to the Greek islands and Constantinople. Westward, is termed 

 "lichenoides leprosum tinctorium scutellis lapidum cancri figura" by Dillenius pi. 18. f. 10; and is 

 known to grow throughout Europe as far as Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 727). 



"97 B. C." (Jap. centen. coram. 88), accession of Sujin, now tenth dairo of Japan. He is said 

 to have placed "the sword of Amateraszu-on-kami, the heavenly ancestress of the actual dynasty," 

 together with her "mirror and a rounded stone " in "the Shintoo temple of Ise." 



" In or about 97 B. C." (Percev. i. 186), birth of Maadd, son of Adnan and twentieth progenitor 

 of Mohammed. 



" 96 B. C. = 1st year of the ' tai'-chi ' of Wou-ti " — (Chinese chron. table). 



