OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 437 



New Zealand discovered and colonized by Polynesians after the introduction of the cocoa-palm 

 into the islands of the Pacific, — but before the peopling of the Marquesas or Nukahivan Islands 

 (Hale ethn. expl. exp. 148). 



Phormium tenax of New Zealand. The New Zealand flax, from its abundance and the great 

 strength of its fibre, doubtless attracted the attention of the first colonists : — P. tenax was observed 

 by Cook and Forster ii. pi. 96 in New Zealand in 1773; by myself, frequent there in the Northern 

 district, and much used by the natives. Transported to Europe, is described by the younger Linnaeus 

 204; has been cultivated with more or less success, and according to Clot-Bey was introduced by 

 the way of France into Egypt. From Europe, was also carried to Northeast America, where it 

 continues in greenhouses.* 



* Barringtonia speciosa of wooded Tropical shores from the Malayan archipelago to Metia 

 and the Marquesas Islands. A showy flowering tree called in Tagalo "botong'' or " botongbotong," 

 in Bisaya "botong" or "bitung" or "bitoon" (Blanco), in Taheitian and Nukuhivan " hutu " (Hale); 

 known to the first colonists of New Zealand, for missing the accustomed material for seine-floats, 

 they transferred the Polynesian name "hutu' 1 to a kind of pine, Phyttocladus trichomanoides. — B. 

 speciosa is known to grow on the Marquesas Islands (Pers.) ; was observed by myself along the 

 seashore from Metia to the Feejeean Islands and Sulu, under cultivation on Tongatabu, and staked 

 around and reserved on the Feejeean Islands, its large buoyant fruit universally used by the 

 natives for seine-floats ; by Blanco, frequent along the seashore of the Philippines, its fruit us^d as 

 buoys on fishing-nets ; by Rumphius iii. pi. 1 14, and Sonnerat, on the Moluccas ; and is known to 

 grow as far as China (Pers.). 



hiocarpus edulis of wooded Tropical shores from the Moluccas to Taheiti. The Taheiti nut 

 is a large tree called on Taheiti "lata?" or "rata" (Hale); was known to the first colonists of New 

 Zealand, for in its absence they transferred the Polynesian name to Metrosideros ? obusta. — I. edulis 

 was observed by Cook and Forster n. gen. 33 on Taheiti ; by myself, clearly indigenous near the 

 sea throughout the Taheitian, Samoan, Tongan, and Feejeean Islands, planted besides in some 

 instances; is known to grow also on the New Hebrides and New Guinea, where "the natives 

 smear the heads of their arrows with the expressed resinous juice" (Don) ; and was observed by 

 Rumphius i. pi. 65 indigenous on the Moluccas. By European colonists, was carried to the Ha- 

 waiian Islands, young stocks " brought from Taheiti" seen by myself in the garden of a resident 

 White ; to Hindustan (Roxb. cor. iii. pi. 263), and by Nimmo in 1833 to the environs of Bombay 

 (Graham). 



Tetragonia expansa of New Zealand. The New Zealand spinach, herbaceous spreading and 

 broad-leaved, doubtless met with by the first colonists : — observed in New Zealand by Forster, 

 and termed " t. halimifolia ; " by myself, frequent there along the seashore exclusively maritime, but 

 I did not learn that any use was made of it by the natives. In the Northern Hemisphere, was seen 

 by Thunberg in Japan (Pers., and Steud.). Transported to Europe, is described by Scopoli del. i. 

 pi. 14, and Pallas hort. demid. pi. I ; and by European colonists was carried to Hindustan, observed 

 by Graham "in gardens Bombay, rare," forming "a much better spinach than the Amaranthaceae in 

 common use among the natives." 



Artocarpus incisa of the Malayan archipelago. The breadfruit tree is called on Taheiti " maiore " 

 (Bertero), in Taheitian Mangarevan and Paumotuan "maiore," in Hawaiian "aeiore," in Nukahivan 

 Mangarevan Tarawan and Tongan "mai?" or " mei " (Hale); known to the first colonists of New 

 Zealand, for they transferred the name " mai " to the edible cones of a tree of the pine kind. — A. 

 incisa was observed by Mendana in 1598 on the Nukahivan or Marquesas Islands (Dalrymp., and 

 hist. coll. Am. iv. 238) ; by Forster, on other Polynesian islands : by Dampier, and Anson, on Tinian 

 and the Ladrone Islands; by Sonnerat pi. 57 to 60, on New Guinea; by Rumphius i. p. 112, on 

 Celebes and the Moluccas (A. Dec): the seedless variety, by myself under cultivation on the 

 Hawaiian, Taheitian, Samoan, Tongan, and Feejeean Islands; a variety, with leaves less-incised 

 and lar^e seeds that are " not known to ripen," under cultivation also on the Samoan and Feejeean 

 Islands. Farther West, the "intercised" leaves and seedless fruit erroneously attributed by Xicolo 

 Conti to the jack-tree may belong to the breadfruit : a tree growing wild on Banda is regarded by 

 Rumphius i. pi. 34 as the origin : and a variety, "full of seeds " and "of no value," was found by 

 Mason v. 462 " exotic " in Burmah, cultivated " in a few gardens at Tavoy and Maulmain." By Bligh 

 "in 1793," the seedless breadfruit was carried from the islands of the Pacific to the West Indies ; by 

 Sonnerat voy. 100, to the Mauritius Islands ; by Europeans also, to the environs of Bombay (Graham, 

 and myself) ; to Bengal (Roxburgh) ; and to Burmah, " cultivated at Penang, and has recently been 

 introduced into Mergui" (Mason). 



Podocarpus ferruginea of New Zealand. A Coniferous or pine-like tree that soon attracted the 



