OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 439 



" 93 B. C." (Sm. b. d.), the two sons of Ariarathes VI. having been successively driven from the 

 throne of Cappadocia by Mithridates VI. ; through Roman influence, Ariobarzanes elected king by 

 the Cappadocians. 



Salvia verticillata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " plemono- 

 horton ; " and the " chiliodynamam " of the Cappadocians called " polemoniam " or " philetaeriam " 

 from kings contending for the discovery — (Plin. xxv. 27), described by Dioscorides as growing in 

 rough mountainous situations and having its root a cubit long and above the leaves corymbs in which 

 are black seeds, by Apsyrtus hipp. as resembling " kalaminthe te platSia " but more hoary and having 

 a heavy odour, may be compared : S. verticillata was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent 

 from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus. Westward, the " polemonium " is mentioned by Varro : 

 S. verticillata is described by Rivinus monop. pi. 38 ; is termed " horminum sylvestre latifolium ver- 

 ticillatum " by Tournefort inst. 178; and is known to grow in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland 

 (Pers.). 



"92 B. C." (Li v., and Clint.), in Cappadocia, ambassadors received by Sulla from Arsaces king 

 of Parthia ; the first public transaction between the Romans and Parthians. 



" In this year " (Sm. b. d.), at Rome, Rutilius Rufus on his return from Asia accused unjustly and 

 banished. He retired to Smyrna, accompanied by his friend Opilius Aurelius. 



Coriaria myrtifolia of the Mediterranean countries. The NAVTEA-HERBA bearing black 

 berries and used by curriers, mentioned by Opilius Aurelius, — Pompeius Festus, and Paulus Dia- 

 conus, may be compared : C. myrtifolia is described by Duhamel pi. 73, and Linnseus ; is known to 

 grow in Barbary, Spain, and Southern France (Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Chaubard in the 

 Peloponnesus. The fruit according to Lindley is " a dangerous poison," and " seni^i adulterated with 

 the leaves equally dangerous." 



Sempervivum tectorum of Western Europe. Called in Britain aye-green or se?igreen or houseleek 

 (Prior), in Welsh " dislog" (A. Dec), in France " joubarb," in Italy " erba da cal'i " or "sopravvi- 

 volo " or " semprevivo maggiore " (Lenz), in which we recognize the " sempervivum " identified by 

 Pliny xix. 58 and xxv. 102 with the " aizoum " or " sedum " in whose juice seeds are soaked to prevent 

 destruction by vermin : the " sedum " is identified by Pompeius Festus with the S E S V VI V M planted 

 on roofs of Opilius Aurelius, — and its seeds are commended for the above purpose by Columella ii. 

 9. 10 to xi. 3. 61, and Palladius x.. 3. 2 : the "iovis barba " of Isidorus etym., the capitularia of 

 Charlemagne, Platearius, and the Ortus sanitatis 57, is referred here by writers ; S. tectorum is 

 termed " sedum majus vulgare " by Tournefort inst. 262 ; is known to grow wild as far as Luga in 

 Russia (Gorter) and rocks on the Lower Loire ; and is regarded by A. Decandolle as introduced into 

 Britain probably before the Roman Conquest. Eastward, was observed by Sestini on roofs at 

 Constantinople (Sibth.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it contin- 

 ues to be cultivated for ornament. According to Lindley, " the leaves are cooling when applied 

 externally and frequently renewed." (See S. arboreum.) 



91 B. C. = " 27th year of" Ptolemy VIII.), possibly the date of the Second inscription at Adule. 

 The author speaks of pacifying nations on the border of his kingdom and capturing " Gaze, Agame " 

 (possibly Agamia in Tigre), and " Siguen ; " also " Aua, Tiam6 sometimes called Tziamfi " (Tzama 

 in Tigre), " Gamvela, Ziggaveng, Aggavfi, Tiama, Athagaous, Kalaa, and the SSmenai dwelling on 

 snowy mountains beyond the Nile " (Samen beyond the Atbara branch) ; then " LasinS, Zaa, and 

 Gavala" (Galla ?) "dwelling on mountains that emit hot springs ; Atalmo, and V£ga ; the Taggaitas 

 as far as the Egyptian border, thereby opening a path from my kingdom to Egypt ; then Annin<5, and 

 MStinJ ; S£s£a dwelling on a very lofty mountain ; " also, " Rauson an inland nation of livandtophoron 

 varvaron " (Berbera), and the "S61at6 to whom I committed the charge of the seacoast ; " also, 

 " sending a fleet and army across the Red Sea I subdued the Aravitas and Kinaithokolpitas, and 

 compelled their kings to pay tribute and keep the travel safe by land and sea, extending my conquests 

 from LSukes kSmes to Sav£6n " (Azab) ; and "of all my predecessors being the first and only king 

 who has subjected all these nations I give thanks to the great god Mars, my father, by whose assist- 

 ance I have extended my authority over all neighbouring nations from the East to the ' livanotophorou ' 

 country, and from the West to Aithiopias and S<:sou ; " and " peace being established, I have come 



(Drur.) ; and possibly the " hopea " in question : — H. Wightiana was observed by Wight, and Bed- 

 dome, common in the western forests at Tinnevelly, its" timber very valuable and similar to that of 

 the preceding species (Drur.). 



Vatica en-kliven of Burmah. A Dipterocarpous tree, in a grove of which according to the Bur- 

 mese books Gaudama died, — believed also by the natives to have furnished " much of the petrified 

 wood" along the Irawaddy (Mason 528 to 737) : V. en-khyen was observed by Mason in Pegu and 

 Tenasserim, "though not very abundant." 



