OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 443 



mouth of the Quadalquivir on the Atlantic. Meeting some Lusitanian pilots who had returned from 

 the Fortunate Islands (Canaries), he had thoughts of retiring there — (Plut. vit). 



"At the end of the year" (Plut., and Clint), Sulla dictator at Rome. 



"81 B. C." (Porphyr., and Clint, iii. p. 400), in Egypt, Ptolemy VIII. succeeded by his daughter 

 Cleopatra ; who at the end of " six months " married her cousin Ptolemy Alexander II., now Ptolemy 

 X. He reigned "nineteen days'' only ; and his name has not been found on the monuments, nor 

 even on coins. 



In a mummy unrolled at Bristol, a solution of silver was found employed in the hieroglyphic 

 writing: and Herapath further ascertained, that the solvent was probably nitric acid (Philos. mag. 

 July 1852). 



Indigo/era tinctoria of Tropical Eastern Asia. The indigo plant is called in Yemen "houer " 

 (Forsk.), in Sanscrit " nili " (Roxb.), in Cingalese " nil " (Pidd.), in Bengalee and Hindustanee " neel," 

 in Telinga "neelie," in Tamil "averie" (Drur.), in Burmah "mai-nay" or"shan-mai" (Mason) ; 

 and bandages dyed with indigo encircling this mummy — were remarked by Herapath (philos. mag. 

 July 1852) : the " indicum " dye is mentioned by Vitruvius vii. 14. 68, Dioscorides v. 107, by Pliny 

 xxxv. 2.7 as imported from India: I. tinctoria was observed by Forskal p. 137 (Steud.) cultivated 

 for its dye in Yemen, and springing up spontaneously. Eastward, "ynde qe il se fait d'erbe " was 

 observed by Marco Polo 180 in Quilon ; the manufacture was witnessed also by Nicolo Conti ; and 

 indigo was found by Burnes under cultivation in Scinde, and even "exported in considerable quanti- 

 ties " (Graham) : I. tinctoria was observed by Rheede i. pi. 54 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, "wild in some 

 parts of the Concan " (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, as far as Bengal, often springing up spontaneously, 

 but not at a distance from places where it has been cultivated. Farther East, was observed by Mason 

 "exotic " in Burmah ; by Loureiro, cultivated and springing up spontaneously in Anam and China ; 

 by Blanco, cultivated on the Philippines by the natives, and called in Tagalo " tayom," in Pampango 

 " tayung," in Bisaya "tagung." By European colonists, was carried to Africa (A. Dec); and to our 

 Southern States, where it was once extensively cultivated, and continues in " waste places " (Chapm.) 

 although its cultivation has long ceased. (See I. argentea.) 



"80 B. C." (Alex, chron., and Clint, iii. p. 398), accession of an "illegitimate son" of Ptolemy 

 VIII. ; a boy under the title Ptolemy XI. Auletes. He does not appear to have been acknowledged 

 by the Egyptians, and his hieroglyphic ovals have not been found (Champoll.-Fig.) : but his name 

 occurs on coins, and in Greek inscriptions in red ink at Philae. 



Iambulus in visiting East African islands met with persons who " wrote in vertical columns " — 

 (Diodor. ii. 55), perhaps Chinese; though it is true, vertical writing occurs on the eye-paint bottles 

 "manufactured on the Persian Gulf." The deposition in Egyptian tombs of these eye-paint bottles 

 and of real Chinese manufactures, is evidently more recent. 



Flagellaria Indica of Tropical shores from Africa to the Samoan Islands. Called in Malabar 

 " panambuvalli " (Rheede) ; and the pea-like seeds or grain seen by Iambulus on East African 

 islands — may be compared: F. Indica was observed by myself on Zanzibar; by Grant, at the 

 " Mgaeta river 7° 20' S. ; " and according to Persoon, occurs in Guinea. Eastward, was observed by 

 Rheede vii. pi. 53 in Malabar ; by Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason, indigenous 

 in Burmah ; is termed " sirioides " by Rumphius v. pi. 29 ; and was observed by myself as far as 

 the Feejeean and Samoan Islands. By Nimmo, was introduced into the environs of Bombay 

 (Graham). 



Cajauus flavns of Equatorial Africa. The doll or pigeon pea is called in Tamil "thovaray," in 

 Telinga " candaloo,'' in Hindustanee " toor," in Bengalee " dal urur " (Drur.), in the environs of 

 Bombay " toor " or " dhal " (Graham), in Suahili " baraz " (Grant) ; and possibly the pea-like grain 

 seen by Iambulus: — C. flavus was observed by myself on Zanzibar, the seeds a principal article of 

 diet with resident Banians, and the plant I further ascertained cultivated as far inland as the 

 Unyamuezi country ; by Grant, cultivated everywhere, the " Wahiyow strike a light by using friction 

 with its wood and a reed." Eastward, the " arhaki " enumerated in the Vishnu Purana i. 6 among 

 the seventeen kinds of useful grain, is referred here by H. H. Wilson; and the " ad'haki " or 

 " tubari," yielding oil according to Susrutas sutr. 46 to chikits 33, is referred here by Hessler : 

 " Indian peas " were seen by Nikitin at Calicut : C. flavus was observed by Rheede vi. pi. 13 in Mal- 

 abar ; by Graham, " commonly cultivated " in the environs of Bombay, observed there by myself ; by 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan as far as Bengal and Assam, the seeds according 

 to Drury " much esteemed by the natives," the tender parts of the shrub eaten by cattle, while " the 

 dried stem makes excellent fuel and is well adapted for producing fire by friction." Farther East, is 

 known to occur on Java (Pers.) ; was observed by Mason " exotic" in Burmah and called "pai-yen 

 khyung;" by Blanco, well known on the Philippines and called in Tagalo "caguios." Westward 

 from Africa, is called in Carib " quingongi " or "bipicaa" or "ouandou " (Desc), the first of these 

 names resembling the Negro name of an allied plant ; continues abundantly cultivated in the West 



