444 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Indies, and is used for fencing sugar-plantations (Graham), the varieties of " pois-chiches " accord- 

 ing to Humboldt iv. 9 known to the Aboriginal Americans from the earliest times, may also be com- 

 pared : Clearly by European colonists, was carried to the Hawaiian Islands, observed there by 

 myself. " C. pseudo-cajan " of Jacquin or " bicolor " of Decandolle is regarded as not distinct 

 (Drur.). 



" 79 B. C." (Appian, and Clint.), at Rome, abdication by Sulla of his dictatorship. Besides 

 enacting laws, Sulla wrote commentaries or historical memoirs. — He died in the following year. 



As early perhaps as this date, Puchyadharman succeeded by Puchpamitra, now king at Patali- 

 putra on the Ganges. He was persuaded by a Braminical priest in his household to attempt the 

 overthrow of Budhism — (Avadan. asok.). He is called Vrihadratha in the Puranas (Burnouf i. 

 430 and ii. 778). 



A celebrated Sutra against Budhism written as early possibly as this date. It contains legends 

 — referred to by Fa-hian (Burn. i. 162 to 194). 



Cinnamomum tamala of Eastern Hindustan. Called in Bengal " tai " or " tadsch ",or " tedsch," 

 and its exported dried leaves "folia malabathri, tamalapathri, or Inch" (Nees) ; in which we recognize 

 the fragrant " tamala " leaves of this Sutra,* — and the Saddharma pundarika (Burn. i. 178 and ii. 145) : 

 C. tamala is described by Fr. Nees and Eberm. ii. 426 ; is known to grow wild in D.erwanee and 

 Gongachora, and is cultivated in the gardens of Rungpur, •" the taste of the dried leaves warm, aro- 

 matic, at first like cinnamon, afterwards like cloves mixed with camphor" (Lindl). The imported 

 drug " tamalabathra " was found by Garcias to consist of dried cassia leaves ; by Blume to include 

 various species of Cinnamomum, but in all the samples he examined C. tamaJa was absent. (See C. 

 iners). 



" 75 B. C." (Eutrop. and Clint.), from Macedonia, the Roman general Scribonius extending his 

 conquests as far as the Danube. 



"The same year" (Cic, and Clint, iii. p. 341), arrival in Rome of Antiochus Asiaticus, son of the 

 deceased Antiochus Eusebes. 



" The same year " (Javanese annals, and Elphinstone iii. to), the Javanese Era. Said to have 

 been established by "a numerous body of Hindus from Clinga," on the occasion of their arrival in 

 Java, where they "civilized the inhabitants." The era continues in use among the Javanese. 



Melaleuca cajnputi of the Siamese countries and Malayan archipelago. An elegant little Myr- 

 taceous tree, its birch-like bark yielding cajuput oil procured from early times : f — indigenous accord- 

 ing to Mason v. 491 " in the Karen forests " as far as 13 North ; described also by Roxburgh, and 

 Wight i. 326 ; and termed "arbor alba javanica " by Rumphius ii. 74. This green aromatic cam- 

 phorate essential oil according to Lindley is " irritating or stimulating," used " in toothach " and for 

 other medicinal purposes. 



* Pterosftermum acerifolium of the Siamese countries and Malayan archipelago. A large Ster- 

 culioid tree called in Burmah " toung-phet-won " (Mason) ; and the "karnikara" transplanted from a 

 foreign country according to this Sutra, — mentioned also in the Sagitti sutta, is referred here by 

 Burnouf i. 177 and ii. 826 : P. acerifolium was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh, and Wight ; bv 

 Graham, in a garden at Colabah near Bombay, also in " Giergaum woods, not common;" by Mason 

 v. 536 wild in Burmah, in company with two other species growing with teak. Transported to 

 Europe, is described by Linnasus, Cavanilles iii. pi. 44, and in Bot. mag. pi. 620. 



Erythrina suberosa of Tropical Hindustan. A tree with corky bark called in Telinga " mulu- 

 modagu," in Sanscrit "mundara" (Bedd.): " mandarava " flowers are mentioned in this Sutra, — 

 and the Saddharma pundarika (Burn. i. 178 and ii. 3) ; the " erythrine " by Valmiki ram. iii. 79 (transl. 

 Gorr.) ; the "mandara" fillet, and heaps of the flowers waving along the banks of the Ganges, by 

 Kalidasa vikram. to kum. vi. 5 : E. suberosa was observed by Gibson, Auld, and Graham, from Guz- 

 erat to Kandesh and " the Mahal districts East of the Ghauts ; " by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, 

 in other parts of Hindustan. 



Erythrina fulgens of . . . Called in Bengalee "mundaruka" (Pidd.); and possibly the 

 "mandarava" in question : — the " mandari " prescribed by Susrutas, is referred here by Hessler : 

 E. fulgens was seen in Eastern Hindustan by Piddington 175. Is known in the gardens of Europe, 

 as appears from Steudel. 



f Melaleuca leucadaniron of the Malayan archipelago. An allied species, — so far as Roxburgh 

 could discover, never employed in the distillation of cajuput oil, its leaves possessing little or no 

 fragrance (Lindl.) : is termed " leptospermum leucadendron " by Forster (Steud.). From transported 

 specimens, is described by Linnaeus mant. 105. 



Polygala venenosa of Java. A shrub — found by Commerson so much dreaded by the Javanese 

 that they are unwilling to touch it (Lindl.), " systemati nervoso valde infesta" (Pers.). From 

 transported specimens, described by Jussieu enc. v. 493. 



