OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 445 



Uncaria gambir of the Malayan archipelago. A. Cinchonaceous shrub, from whose leaves the 

 extract called gambier prepared from early times by the Malays, — chewed with betel, and consid- 

 ered by Pereira one of the substances called "catechu" in commerce (Lindl.) : U. gambir was 

 observed in the Malayan archipelago by Rumphius v. pi. 34, Hunter, and Crawfurd ; is described also 

 by Roxburgh. 



" 74 B. C." (Eutrop., and Clint.), Bithynia bequeathed by king Nicomedes to the Romans. 



Cerastes vulgaris of the Armeno-Caucasian countries. The CERASVS in the "480th year of 

 Rome" brought from Pontus by Lucullus — (Plin. xv. 30), seems to be the true cherry : "dulces 

 cerasi " are mentioned by Propertius . . . ; the " sweet and black-fruited kerasia," by Ebn Baitar ; and 



Hopea f sp. of Pulo Condore. A tree — seen only here by Dampier, much larger than any 

 other on the island and yielding tar, is regarded by Mason v. 517 to 527 as probably belonging to 

 the Dipterocarpous tribe. 



Xvlocarpus obovatus of the shores of Java. A Meliaceous tree, known from early times, — the 

 bark of its root extremely bitter : observed by Blume bydr. 179 (Lindl.). 



Mangifera foetida of the Equatorial portion of the Malayan archipelago. The horse mango, 

 introduced from the Straits of Malacca at an early period, — is called in Burmah " la-mwot ; " its 

 large fruit in odour resembling the dorian continuing a favourite with the Burmese, and is cultivated 

 as far as 13 N. at Mergui (Mason v. 448). 



Cassia florida of the Malayan Archipelago. A slender graceful Leguminous tree introduced at 

 an early period — and called in Burmah " ma-za-lee," extensively cultivated, its wood said to be not 

 inferior to ebony (Mason v. 404 to 532) : is termed " Senna Sumatrana " by Roxburgh ii. 347. West- 

 ward, was observed by Wight in peninsular Hindustan ; by Gibson, Law, and Graham, "in gardens" 

 in the environs of Bombay, its growth "very rapid." From transported specimens, is described by 

 Vahl symb. iii. 57. 



Strychnos tieute of Java. Woody, climbing eighty to a hundred and twenty feet before branch- 

 ing, the bark of its root yielding one of the most dangerous poisons known, — called " tshettik " or 

 "tjettek" or "upas radja," and acting like nux vomica only in a more violent manner: observed by 

 Leschenault ann. mus. xvi. pi. 23, and Blume rum. i. pi. 24 (Lindl.). 



Hasseltia arborea of Java. A handsome Apocynous tree, its milky juice from early times used to 

 destroy tape-worm : — observed by Blume in the province of Buitenzorg (Lindl.). 



Laurus (Sassafras) parthenoxylon of the forests of Sumatra. A lofty timber-tree called " kayo 

 gadis " virgin tree, and from early times the oil from its fruit and infusion' of the root employed 

 medicinally : — observed by Jack, and Blume ; described also by Roxburgh hort. (Lindl ). 



Laurus [Caryodapkne) densiflora of the mountain-woods of Java. A tree eighty feet high, grow- 

 ino- in Western Java at the elevation of from fourteen hundred to two thousand feet, called " kiteja" 

 or "kitedja," and from early times its gratefully aromatic leaves employed in infusion medicinally : — 

 observed by Blume (Nees laur., and Lindl.). 



Chloranthus officinalis of the mountain-woods of Java. A smooth shrub, three or four feet 

 hio-h, growing in moist woods at the elevation of from fifteen hundred to two thousand feet ; its root 

 from early times used medicinally by the mountaineers : — observed by Blume fl. Jav. pi. (Lindl.). 



Chloranthus brachystachys of Java. A smooth upright shrub, three feet high, growing in woods 

 along the coast, and known from early times, — its properties being like those of the last species : 

 observed by Blume fl. Jav. pi. (Lindl.). 



Ficus toxicaria of Sumatra. Growing near " pago Pandano " (Pers.), and its juice known from 

 early times as a virulent poison — (Lindl.) : F. toxicaria is termed "f. padana" by Burmann (Steud.). 

 From transported specimens, is described by Linnaeus mant. 305, and Vahl. 



Piper siriboa of the Malayan archipelago. Climbing, and known from early times, — " used in 

 the same way as " P. betle : observed by Rumphius v. pi. 117, and Blume (Lindl.). From transported 

 specimens, described by Linnaaus (Steud.). 



Curcuma viridiflora of Sumatra. A Scitamineous herb entirely green known there from early 

 times: —termed " tommon giring " by Rumphius v. p. 165. Westward, is described by Roxburgh 

 res. as. xi. 341, and by Nimmo was introduced into the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



Hedychium coronarium of the Malayan archipelago. A Scitamineous herb called in the envi- 

 rons of Bombay "sonetukkah" or "doolaba chumpa " (Graham), in Burmah "lan-thas" (Mason); 

 known to grow on Java, and from early times its large white fragrant flowers worn by Malay maidens 

 in their hair : —observed by Rumphius v. pi. 69 (Pers.) ; by Mason v. 429 to 8o 4 " exotic " in Bur- 

 mah, cultivated for its flowers. Westward, was observed by Retz iii. 75 in Hindustan, according to 

 Roxburgh the most charming plant of the order ; by Graham, " in gardens " around Bombay, the 

 flowers worn also in the hair by Hindoos. 



