448 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Black Sea near Constantinople ; and is known to grow to all appearance indigenous in Southern 

 Russia and around Caucasus. Was formerly in high repute for its medicinal properties (Merat diet, 

 i. p. 411), the roots according to Lindley having "been chiefly employed as aids to difficult parturi- 

 tion." (See A. rotunda). 



In or about 62 B. C. (= " 20 yrs after the death of Sertorius," Major edit. Bethenc), Statius 

 Sebosus writing on the Hesperides Islands (Canaries), five of which were known to him. 



Laurus Canariensis of the Canary Islands. A laurel called in Guanche " carisco " (Webb) ; 

 and the trees on the Hesperides growing according to Sebosus to the height of "one hundred and 

 fourteen feet" — (Plin. vi. 37), may be compared: L. Canariensis was observed by Webb on the 

 Canary Islands. From transported specimens, is described by Willdenow (Steud.). 



"61 B. C." (Clint, iv. p. 116), the First era of Gaza 



"60 B. C. = L. Afranius and Q. Metellus Celer consuls," the last-named being proconsul of 

 Gaul, "Indos" leaving "India" for trading purposes were driven by a storm to Germany, and 

 were sent to him by the king of the Suevi — (Nepos, and Plin. ii. 67, possibly the earliest historical 

 notice of America). 



"In this year" (Liv., Blair, and Clint.), coalition of Pompey, M. L. Crassus, and Caesar, over 

 the Romans ; called the " First Triumvirate." 



"The same year" = " 180th Ol." (Diodor. i. 44 to 47, and Clint.), Thebes in Egypt visited by 

 the historian Diodorus Siculus ; the great syenite colossus of Ramessu II., as appears from his 

 description, continuing entire. 



The temple mentioned by Diodorus iii. 211 as venerated by all Arabs, is clearly the Caba on 

 the site of Mecca. The Caba is known to have contained a statue of Abraham (Percev. i. 175), doubt- 

 less placed there by Ishmaelites, and from this time — has continued in the possession of Ishmaelite 

 tribes. 



Tannictum vulgare of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain tansy, by 

 Askham " tansye," in France " tanaisie," in old French " athanaisie," in medieval Latin in the time 

 of Lyte "athanasia" (Prior p. 35 and 223) : the A6A N ACI A medicine discovered by Isis according 

 to the Egyptians (Diod. i. 30), — mentioned also by Lucian dial, iv, as viper's medicine and high- 

 priced by Galen (Orib. xliv. 4), is referred here by writers : T. vulgare has not been observed in 

 Greece ; but is known to occur in the Crimea (Lindl.) ; and according to Clot-Bey, has been recently 

 introduced into Egypt. Westward, the " tanarita " of the capitularia of Charlemagne is referred 

 here by Antony, and Sprengel : T. vulgare is called in Anglo-Saxon "helde" (leechb. i. 36. 41) or 

 " aenglisc cost" (Lacn. 29, and Coi.kavnc) ; is described by Tragus f. 6t, and Dalechamp pi. ; by 

 Lobel, as cultivated in gardens ; and at the present day, is known to occur along roadsides through- 

 out middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 881,' Pers., and Lindl.). By European colonists, 

 was carried prior to 1670 (Jossel.) to Northeast America, where it has become frequent around dwell- 

 ings and along roadsides. The plant according to Lindley is esteemed " tonic and cordial," and 

 Withering says " the flesh-fly will not touch " meat rubbed with the leaves. 



Galactites tomentosa of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "atrogira" (Forsk.), 

 and the CI A AY BON described by Diodorus iv. as an edible thistle AKAN6I0N: Tl: A A PON : KAI: 

 6 AUJA I MO N, — and by Dioscorides as eaten while young cooked with oil and salt, the leaves broad 

 and resembling those of the " hamaileonti leuk<\" may be compared: G. tomentosa was observed 

 by Forskal in Asia Minor and around the Dardanelles, "flore tomentoso caule alato edulis tenera," 

 a tomentose flower winged stem and eaten while tender ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Pelo- 

 ponnesus throughout the Greek islands. Westward, the "silybum" is described by Pliny xxii. 42 

 as growing in Cilicia, Syria, and Phoenicia, the cooking very troublesome. G. tomentosa is termed 

 " carduus galactites " by Tournefort inst. 441, " cnicus galactites " by Deslongchamps ; was observed 

 by Forskal on Malta; is known to grow also in Italy, Barbary and Southern France (AIL, Lam. fl. 

 fr., Cav. iii. pi. 231, and Pers.). 



" In this year " (Burm. hist., and Mason 40), Ta:pah succeeded by his son Papeyan, now Burmese 

 king : * — during whose reign of " sixty-six " years there were great religious dissensions in India. 



* Ervthrina pen-lay-ka-theet of Burmah. The sea coral-tree perhaps already " famous in Budhist 

 mythology as the tree around which the Devas dance till they are intoxicated in Sudra's heaven " — 

 (Mason 531) : E. pen-lay-ka-theet was observed by Mason indigenous and "common" at Toungoo, 

 having " small thorns on the trunk," its flowers " reddish." 



Fagraafragrans of Burmah. A Loganioid tree, called in Burmah " a-nan : " perhaps already 

 regarded by the Burmese " as too good for the laity," but "ought to be confined to sacerdotal pur- 

 poses," — was observed by Mason 543 " used principally for the posts of Budhist edifices " at Tavov, 

 its timber "very hard and excellent:" F. fragrans is described also by Falconer, Roxburgh, 

 Wallich, and Griffith, and according to O'Riley its timber is not subject to attacks of the Teredo or 

 ship-worm. 



