452 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



places and cultivated ground from Denmark to the Mediterranean and Barbary (fl. Dan. pi. 795, 

 and Wats.); was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus; and is known to grow around Cau- 

 casus and throughout Siberia as far as Daouria and Kamtschatka (Ledeb.). By European colonists, 

 was carried to Madeira (A. Dec); to Iceland (Wats.) ; to Northeast America, observed by Sheppard 

 around Quebec (Hook.), by myself in moist grass-grown clearings and along river-banks in our 

 Northern and Middle States, completely naturalized, and has been received by Torrey and Gray 

 fl. i. 21 from Georgia and Oregon. 



Stellaria media of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain chickweed, in Anglo-Saxon 

 " cicena-mete " (Prior emend ), by Hildegarde ii. 174 " hunesdarm " (Spreng.), in Egypt " qezazeh " 

 vitreous (Del.), in Japan "fan ru " or usually " fakobi " or "f'agu iera" (Thunb.); and remnants 

 in debris of the early lake- villages of Switzerland: — S. media is termed "morsus gallinae " in the 

 Ortus sanitatis 301, " alsine media " by Tournefort inst. 242, and Linnaeus, " alsine avicularum " by 

 Lamarck ; is described also by Fuchsius ; is known to occur in cultivated ground from Lapland to 

 Algeria (Wats., and Munby) and the Canaries (De Buch) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chau- 

 bard, from the Peloponnesus to Asia Minor; by Delile, in Lower Egypt ; is known to occur from 

 Caucasus throughout Siberia (Ledeb.) ; and was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in cultivated 

 ground everywhere in Japan. By European colonists, was carried to Northwest America, observed 

 by Mertens around trading-posts on Norfolk Sound, by Beechey 135 in California, known to occur 

 also between York Factory and Cumberland House (Hook.) and as a common weed throughout the 

 cultivated portions of the United States ; was also carried to Greenland (Wats.) and Iceland (Hook ) ; 

 to the Azores (Wats.) ; to Southern Brazil (Saint-Hil.) ; to the Falkland Islands (J. D. Hook.) ; to 

 Chili (C. Gay); to New Zealand (Raoul); to the Auckland or perhaps Campbell Island (A. Dec. 

 490); to Austral Africa (Drc-e, and E. Mey.) ; and possibly by European colonists to Ceylon, 

 observed by Gardner naturalized in elevated situations, and by Wight on the Neilgherrie mountains 

 farther North. 



Clienopodium album of Northern Climates. Esculent, and called in Britain with other species 

 goose-foot (Prior), in Egypt " fisah klab" (Del.), in Yemen "rockeb el djammel" (Forsk.), in Japan 

 "rei" or usually "akasa" or " akadsa" (Thunb.) ; and remnants in the early lake-villages of Switzer- 

 land: — C. album is termed " atriplex sylv." by Fuchsius 1 19 (Spreng.), " ch. folio sinuato candicante" 

 by Tournefort inst. 506 ; is known to occur in waste and fallow ground from the Feroe Islands and 

 Lapland to the Mediterranean (Martins, Fries, and Pers.) ; was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople ; by Hasselquist, in Palestine ; by Forskal, and 

 Delile, in Egypt ; by Forskal p. 2, frequent in Yemen ; by Graham, and Roxburgh, under cultiva- 

 tion as a potherb in Hindustan, but having no Sanscrit name ; is known to grow in Siberia (Wats.) ; 

 and was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan. Farther East, was observed by Mertens 

 around trading-posts on the American coast at Norton Sound ; by myself, around Chinook villages 

 on Puget Sound, also around the European trading-posts, and clearly indigenous throughout the 

 Interior plains, probably indigenous also in the sands along the Atlantic ; indigenous according to 

 Lindheimer in Texas (A. Dec. 752) ; but a frequent weed in the cultivated portions of the United 

 States, as far as Florida (Chapm.), and received by Moquin from Cuba. By European colonists, was 

 carried to Chili (C. Gay) ; to the Hawaiian Islands (Moq.) ; and to Austral Africa (Drfege). 



Chenopodium polyspermum of Europe and the adjoining portion of_Asia. Remnants of this 

 allied weed also in the early lake-villages of Switzerland : — the " third blitum " of Tragus is referred 

 here by Sprengel praef. h. h. ; C. polyspermum is described also by Gerarde 325 ; is termed "blitum 

 majus polyspermum a seminis copia" by Morison ii. pi. 30, "ch. betae folio" by Tournefort inst. 

 506 ; is known to occur in cultivated ground from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 

 1 153, Engl. bot. pi. 1480, and Pers.) ; and was observed by Sibthorp among rubbish at Constantinople. 

 By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, found by C. J. Sprague " a scarce garden- 

 weed about Boston," and by Porter in "woods near Mercersburg and Reading, Penn., naturalized" 

 (A. Gray). 



Of quadrupeds, enumerated by Riitimeyer, the brown bear Ursus arcios, badger Meles vulgaris ; 

 pine marten Mustela foina, at all stations of the Stone age ; marten M. marks, polecat Af. putorius, 

 and ermine M . irmineaj otter Luira vulgaris, fox Cards viripes ; wolf C. lupus, teeth as trophies of 

 the chase ; C. familiaris, from the beginning, var. major occurring only in the Western lakes ; Euro- 

 pean wildcat fclis catus ; hedgehog Erinaceus Enropaus ; beaver Castor fiber, at all stations of the 

 Stone age ; squirrel Sciurus Europceus, Mus sylvatieus, hare Lepus timidus ; wil'd boar Sits scropha, 

 and var. palustris, both in the wild state in the Stone age, and subsequently occurring domesticated; 

 Equus caballus ; E. asiuus, at Wauwyl ; Ccrvus alces, C. elaphus, and C. capreolus ; Capra ibex, 

 and C. liircus; Ovis aria, in the domestic state and from the beginning; Antilope rupicapra ; Bos 

 primigenius, B. bison ; B. laurus, in the domestic state, with the varieties primigenius, brachyceros, 

 trochoceros, and frontosus : 



