462 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



in Bengalee "shwet busunta'' (Lindl.) or " mukto-juri," in Tamil "cupamani" (Drur.), in Malabar 

 "cupa meni " (Rheede) ; and from early times employed medicinally : — observed by Grant in Equa- 

 torial Africa, "by cult. 5 S. and 2° N." on the Nile ; by Forskal p. cxxi and 161, in moist places 

 along the base of the mountains of Yemen. Eastward, by Graham, a " common weed during the 

 rains " in the environs of Bombay, and according to Nimmo, " cats are as much affected by the roots " 

 as "by those of the valerian ; " by Rheede x. pi. 81, in Malabar; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, 

 in other parts of the peninsula as far as Bengal, employed in decoction as cathartic and for other 

 medicinal purposes (Drur.) ; was observed by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous. 



"23 B. C." (Tacit., Dio, and Clint), the tribuneship for life conferred on Augustus, now in his 

 Eleventh consulship. 



Perhaps about this time, an ambassador sent to Augustus by the Hindu king Pandion (Strab.). 

 Probably not the first of the name, the kingdom of Pandya including* — the districts of Madura 



* Helicteres isora of Tropical Eastern Asia. The screw tree, small and hazel-like, called in the 

 environs of Bombay "kawun " or " kewannie " or "dhamnee " (Graham), and from early times used 

 medicinally in diseases of the ears : — observed by Rheede vi. pi. 30 in Malabar; by Gibson, and 

 Graham, "common throughout the hilly jungly parts of the Concan and on the Ghauts" as far as 

 Bombay, "rope may be made from the fibres of the bark ; " by Ainslie, and Wight, in other parts 

 of Hindustan. Farther East, its twisted pods in the dried state and called " thu-gnay-khyce," were 

 seen in Burmah by Mason v. 502 among "drugs in bazar," used medicinally by the natives; ob- 

 served by Rumphius vii. pi. 17 on the Moluccas (Pers.). Transported to Europe, is described by 

 Plukenet aim. pi. 245 



Leea nnurofltylla of Tropical Hindustan. Herbaceous, four feet high and allied to the grape- 

 vine, called in Bengalee " toolsoo-moodryia " (Drur.), and from early times reputed to be a remedy 

 for the Guinea worm, or according to Roxburgh "ringworm:" — observed by Law, and Nimmo, 

 in the Concans or Low country North and South of Bombay common in jungles towards the Ghauts 

 (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the root astringent and mucilaginous (Drur.). 

 Farther East, by Mason v. 503 "exotic" in Burmah and called "kya-bet-gyee," cultivated for its 

 "astringent" root, used by the natives to stop "effusion of blood in wounds." 



Pygeitm acuminatum of Tropical Hindustan. A Terebinthoid tree known from early times : • — 

 observed by Graham at " Mahableswur and Kandalla, but rare ; " by Colebrooke linn, trans, xii. pi. 

 18, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason v. 398 to 540, in Tenasserim ; and the same or an allied 

 species by McClelland at Toungoo, becoming a tree of "five or six feet girth." 



Momordica charautia of Tropical Eastern Asia? A climbing Cucurbitaceous plant called in 

 Tamil "pava-kai," in Malabar "pandipasel," in Bengalee "kurula" (Drur.), in the environs of Bom- 

 bay "karaila" or " purwud " (Graham), and from early times used medicinally and the fruit eaten ; 

 — observed by Rheede viii. pi. 9 and 10 in Malabar; by Gibson, and Graham, " very commonly 

 cultivated about Bombay in the rains," the "fruit twelve or fifteen inches long," notched and ridged 

 like a crocodile's back, and requiring "to be steeped in salt water before being cooked;" is de- 

 scribed also by Rumphius v. pi. 151 ; was observed by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, culti- 

 vated everywhere in the peninsula; by Mason v. 471, "exotic" in Burmah and called " kyet-hen-kha,'' 

 used in curries. 



Luffa acutangula of Tropical Eastern Asia. The ridged gourd is called in Tagalo " patola " 

 (Blanco), in Burmah " tha-bwot-kha-wai " (Mason), in Tamil "peekunkai," in Telinga " beer-kai," 

 in Bengali "jhingo," in Hindustanee " torooi " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "toorai" or 

 "gosalee" (Graham); cultivated from early times :— observed by Rheede viii. pi. 7 in Malabar; 

 by Graham, "commonly cultivated" around Bombay; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in "hedges 

 and waste lands" as far as Bengal, its half-grown fruit one of the best native vegetables, much 

 used in curries, and when boiled and seasoned "little inferior to green peas;" by Mason v. 471, 

 " exotic " in Burmah and esculent ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, its fruit cooked and eaten ; and 

 is described by Rumphius v. pi. 149. Transported to Europe, is termed "1. foetida" by Cavanilles 

 i. pi. 9 and 10. 



Nauclea cordifolia of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A Cinchonaceous tree forty to fifty feet 

 high called in Burmah "hteing" (Mason), in Tamil " manja cadamba," in Telinga "daduga," in 

 Bengalee "kelikudum" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " edoo " or " eydee " (Graham); its 

 exceedingly beautiful wood, durable if kept dry, used from early times for furniture: — observed 

 by Graham " common throughout the Concans," the wood used at Bombay "for planking etc. ; " by 

 Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 53, Wight, and Drury, as far as Travancore, the Coromandel mountains, and 

 Bengal ; by Wallich, on the banks of the Irrawaddy in Burmah (Mason v. 534). 



Bignonia (Spathodea) Rheedii of Tropical Hindustan, Burmah, and as far as Java. A small 



