OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 463 



and Tinivelly, with the capital at Madura in the days of Claudius Ptolemy, and continuing there 

 "till within a century of the present day" (Elph. iv. 2). 



"22 B. C." (Strab., Dio, and Clint.), invasion of the Ethiopians under queen Candace, repelled 

 at Elephantine by the Second Roman prefect C. Petronius. 



Dalbergia sissoo of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called there "sissoo" or " sheeshum," in which 

 we recognize the " sisam " of the Chaldee-Samaritan translation of Gen. vi. 14, — of the Koran, and 

 various Arab writers (Royle in Kitt. bibl. cycl.), and the " schischam " wood found by Forskal p. xcvi. 

 imported from India into Yemen : " sesamina xula " is described by Dioscorides as sometimes sold 

 for ebony, but purplish ; is mentioned also in the Erythraean periplus, and by Cosmas Indicopleustes 

 xi. D. sissoo was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh, and Wight; by Graham, in the environs of 

 Bombay, and found by Gibson as far as Goozerat ; its timber according to Royle *■ one of the most 

 valued woods of India," remarkably "strong, of a light greyish hue, with darker coloured veins." 



Dalbergia latifolia of Tropical Hindustan. A tree called there " sit-sal" (Royle), or by residents 

 blackwood (Graham) : its timber probably imported with the preceding into the Mediterranean coun- 

 tries : — D. latifolia was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh cor. pi. 113, and Wight ; by Graham, 

 in the Southern Concan, and found by Law in the Southern Mahratta country, its wood " used for 

 making furniture ; " being according to Royle " heavy, close-grained, of a greenish black colour with 

 lighter veins," and " highly valued." D. yen-daik, " very abundant at Toungoo " in Burmah and used 

 by the Karens " for spear handles," is regarded by Mason v. p. 530 as perhaps identical. 



"18 B. C." (Dio, and Clint.), the " entire " or authority of imperator, accepted by Augustus for 

 an additional "five years." 



Globularia nudicajtlis of the Pyrenees and Switzerland. The CANTABRICA discovered in the 

 reign of Augustus by the Cantabrians of Spain — (Plin.), mentioned by Celsus v. 27, and described 

 by Pliny xxv. 47 and 55 as " caule junceo pedali in quo sunt flosculi oblongi veluti calathi in his 

 semen perquam minutum," stem a foot high and rush-like on which are oblong florets like baskets 

 and in these very minute seed, may be compared: G. nudicaulis is described by Morison vi. pi. 15, 

 and is known to grow on the Pyrenees and mountains of Switzerland as far as Austria (Pers., and A. 

 Dec). According to Lindley, like other species it possesses purgative properties. 



"15 B. C." (Dio, Blair, and Clint.), Augustus in Gaul, and the Rhaeti and Vindelici subdued by 

 Tiberius and Drusus. 



Marrubium Creticum of Crete. The MARRVBII • T E N V I S of the antidote of Antipater against 

 the bite of the asp — (Scribdn. Larg. 167), may be compared: M. Creticum was observed in Crete 

 by Sibthorp. From transported specimens, is described by Dalechamp pi. 962 ; is termed " m. album 

 angustilblium peregrinum " by Tournefort inst. 192 ; and was observed by Roth ii. 35 growing spon- 

 taneously in Germany. 



Verbascum blattaria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " spuri : " 

 the V E R B A S C I of the antidote of Antipater — (Scribon. Larg. 167) seemingly corresponds ; for the 

 " phlomis " with golden flowers is described by Dioscorides as useful against scorpion-sting, employed 

 also for dyeing the hair, and wherever placed attracting " silphas " (the small cockroach, Blatta Ger- 

 manica) : V. blattaria was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, around Constantinople and 

 in the Peloponnesus. Westward, the "blattaria" herb is described by Pliny xxv. 60 as resembling 

 and often mistaken for " verbasco," with more stalks and the leaves not so white ; V. blattaria is 

 described by Lobel obs. pi. 304; is termed "blattaria lutea folio longo laciniato " by Tournefort inst. 



and elegant tree called in Burmah "tha-khwot" (Mason), in Telinga "woody" (Drur.), in Malabar 

 " nir pon<;elion " (Rheede), in the environs of Bombay " mersingee " (Graham) ; and from early times, 

 nets made of its fibres, and its strong timber used for agricultural and building purposes : — observed 

 by Rheede vi. pi. 29 in Malabar ; by Law, and Graham, in " the vale of the Nagotnah river," the 

 Southern Mahratta country, and "in gardens Bombay;" by Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. 144, Wight, and 

 Beddome, in other parts of Hindustan ; and is known to grow on Ceylon. Farther East, was 

 observed by Mason v. 543 indigenous in Burmah, its wood according to Berdmore of "excellent 

 quality for building purposes;" is known to grow also on Java, and is described by Rumphius iii. 

 pi. 46 (Pers.). 



Artocarpus hirsutus of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A large tree called in Tamil " anjelie," 

 in Malabar " ansjeli " or " ayenee " (Drur.), and from early times its fruit eaten, yielding also birdlime, 

 and its trunk hollowed out into fishing-canoes: —observed by Rheede iii. pi. 32 in the forests of 

 Malabar; by Drury, as far as Travancore, its fruit of "the size of a large orange," and its timber 

 under the name of anjely wood "well known on the western coast for house-building, ships, frame- 

 works etc. ; " was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Mason v. 462, 

 '• indigenous " in Burmah. By Nimmo, was introduced into the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



