OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 465 



In the reign of Septimius Severus, the colossus was repaired with separate blocks of stone, and has 

 since remained silent, (see Champ.-Fig. p. 76). 



Continuing on to Syene and the Red Sea, Strabo ii. 5. r2 found in the harbour of Myoshormos 

 " one hundred and twenty ships " engaged in voyages to India. 



The TAAAC: ATPI AC described by Strabo iii. 2. 6 as imported from Lybia into Spain, and 

 sent with the mouth tied into rabbit-burrows to expel the inmates, — were of course the ferret, 

 Mustela. 



Oenanthe crocata of Western Europe. The Spanish are described by Strabo iii. 4. 18 as having 

 in readiness a poison producing death without trouble, prepared from a plant resembling smallage 

 C6AINUI: TTPOCOMOIAC — (a substitute for the " kongion " of the Greeks): O. crocata is 

 described by Matthioli 628 (Spreng.) ; is known to grow in " wet places common in the west of 

 Europe " as far as France, and Britain, where it is called dead-tongue or hemlock-dropwort (Pers., 

 Engl. bot. pi. 2313, and Lindl.). Further according to Lindley, "a dangerously poisonous plant, the 

 cause of many fatal accidents." 



Quercus humilis of the West Mediterranean countries. One to two feet high ; and the small 

 oak growing according to Strabo iii. 2. p. 388 within the Pillars of Hercules, its fruit eaten by tunny- 

 fish, — is referred here conjecturally by Sprengel : Q. humilis is described by Lobel ic. ii. p. 157, and 

 is known to grow in sandy situations in Portugal and France (Pers.). 



Stipa tenacissima of the Mediterranean countries. The C XO I N OTT AO K I K H N: CTTAPTON 

 described by Strabo iii. 4. 9 as abounding near Saguntum in Spain and exported to Italy, — is referred 

 here by Sprengel : Pliny xix. 9 and xxiv. 40 speaks of the "africanum vel hispanum spartum " as 

 unknown in the time of Homer, and of the "spartum " having come into use since the days of Theo- 

 phrastus : S. tenacissima is termed "spartum" by Clusius hist. ii. 220, "gramen spicatum quod 

 spartum Plinii " by Tournefort inst. 518 ; and is known to grow in Barbary and Spain (Desf. pi. 30, 

 and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp on the hills of Attica in Greece. 



Papyrus Pangorei of Tropical Hindustan. A species of paper-rush called in Bengalee " ma- 

 doorkati " (Drur.) ; and the BYBAO C is attributed by Strabo xvii. 2. 4 to both Egypt and India : — 

 P. Pangorei was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay ; is termed " cyperus tegetum" by 

 Roxburgh, and was observed by him, Wight, and Drury, " common in ditches and borders of tanks " 

 in the peninsula and Bengal : the floor-mats so common at Calcutta are made of the split stems, and 

 according to Mason v. 520 are imported into Burmah. 



Rumex Abyssinicus of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A species of dock, perhaps included in the 

 TTO A eaten according to Strabo xvii. 2. 2 by the Ethiopians: — R. Abyssinicus was received by 

 Jacquin hort. iii. pi. 98 from Abyssinia ; was observed by Grant from "2° N." on the Nile to " i°42' 

 S.," the "people of Fipa at 8° S. are said to eat its leaves." 



Aerua lanata of Tropical Africa and Arabia. Called in Yemen " schadjaret el athleb " (Forsk.); 

 and possibly included in the "poa" of Strabo, eaten by the Ethiopians : — A. lanata was observed 

 by Grant from " 7° 30' S. to 2° N." on the Nile, a " potherb, grows prettily over huts like an ivy ; " 

 by Forskal p. 48, along the base of the mountains of Yemen. Farther East, by Rheede x. pi. 29 in 

 Malabar, and called " scherubula ; '' by Graham, "a common weed" around Bombay, where also it 

 appeared to me only naturalized ; by Retz, and Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan, and by Bur- 

 mann pi. 60 on Ceylon ; by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah ; by Blanco, little known to the natives on 

 the Philippines, but called in Tagalo "bonga bonga." Through European colonists, was carried to 

 Brazil, observed by myself frequent in the outskirts of Rio Janeiro. 



Corchorus . . . sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Included perhaps in the "poa" of Strabo, 

 eaten by the Ethiopians : — observed by Grant common from " i° to 2° N." on the Nile, a foot high, 

 its leaves used for making a stringy spinage. 



Crotalaria glauca of Equatorial Africa. Called there " m'caewae " (Grant) ; and perhaps included 

 in the "poa" of Strabo, eaten by the Ethiopians : —observed by Grant in "plantain-groves Unyoro," 

 near the Equator, three feet high and its flowers pods and leaves eaten as spinage by "the people 

 of Madi." From transported specimens, described by Willdenow (Steud.). 



Celosia iiigyna of Tropical Africa. Included perhaps in the "poa" of Strabo, eaten by the 

 Ethiopians : —received by Linnsus from Senegal (Pers.) ; and observed by Grant from 2° to 3 N. 

 on the Nile, " by huts Nov. 1862," eaten as a potherb. 



Narcissus ? sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Included perhaps in the " poa " of Strabo, eaten 

 by the Ethiopians : — observed by Grant in "sandy moist places about 6° S.," eight inches high, its 

 leaves tasting of onions and made into spinage. 



Veltheimia sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Included perhaps in the "poa" eaten by the 

 Ethiopians : —observed by Grant in swamps from "6° S. to 1° N." on the Nile, its flowers collected 

 for spinage. _ 



Urginca ? sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Included perhaps in the " poa " eaten by the Ethi- 



59 



