OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 467 



"In this year" (Sm. b. d.), Caius Caesar on his way to the East: to whom Jubi II. dedicated 

 his history of Arabia. — A coin dated in the "48th year " of his own reign (= A. D. 1) is extant, 

 and the revolted Gaetulians were subdued with the assistance of Cossus Cornelius Lentulus in 

 '•A. D. 6." 



Ficus vastaoi Yemen. Called there "talak," or in Arab botanical books "delb" (Forsk.), and 

 fruit of Arbutus unedo being called by the Arabs "altin aldeb" wolf figs (Spreng.), the "arbutus" 

 trees fifty cubits high in Arabia enumerated by Juba II. — (Plin. xv. 28) may be compared : F. vasta 

 was observed by Forskal p. 179 everywhere among the mountains of Yemen, an immense tree " vas- 

 tissima arbor" with a composite trunk and spreading rafter-like branches. Eastward, may have 

 been carried by Arabs, or by Banyans, to Hindustan ; for " F. Bengalensis " of Rheede i. pi. 28, and 

 Linnaeus, is regarded by Dry and er as identical (Pers., and Steud.). 



Euphorbia regis Jubae of Morocco and the Canaries. A cactiform spurge called in Morocco 

 "dergmuse" (Jacks.), and the €Y*OPBION discovered by Juba II. on Atlas and named after his 

 physician Euphorbus, — "specie thyrsi foliis acanthinis " according to Pliny xxv. 38, is referred 

 here by Webb : the drug '■ euphorvion " is mentioned by Niger (Diosc. praef.), Rufus Ephesius, 

 Aetius, and Paulus Aegineta ; as the product of a plant growing in Mauritania, by Dioscorides iii. 

 86, and Galen comp. med. loc. ix. 271 ; forms an article of commerce along the Tropical margin of 

 the Sahara, according to the Arab account of Ghanat (Jaubert rec. soc. geogr. ii) ; and in Egypt, 

 " ferfiun " or " gum euphorbias " was found by Forskal mat. med. imported from Barbary. The plant 

 producing it is described by Leo Africanus ix. 300 ; by Jackson, as " with its branches " having the 

 general form "of a goblet," the stem "at first soft and succulent, but after some years becomes 

 hard, the branches are scalloped and have on their sides small knots from which grow five extremely 

 sharp-pointed thorns," and each branchlet bears "on its top a vivid. crimson flower" (med. gaz. xx. 

 745). E. regis Jubae is distinguished by Webb; was observed by him, and Lowe, "common" on 

 the Canary Islands (Major edit. Bethenc. p. 138) ; but according to Pereira, the eupho?-bium of com- 

 merce all comes from Mogador (Lindl.). 



An expedition sent by Juba II. to explore the " Fortunatae insulae " (Canaries) found there 

 stone buildings and a little temple ; one of the islands being called " Nivaria " from the perpetual 

 snow (Teneriffe), and another " Canaria " — (as to the present day: Latin names recorded by Pliny 

 vi. 37, indicating intercourse with the Northern side of the entrance to the Mediterranean). 



Rocetta purpura-antiquorwn of the Canary Islands and Madeira. One of the lichens yielding 

 the archal or orchil of commerce ; and the dyeing of " Gaetulicam purpuram " established by Juba 

 II. on islands in this vicinity — (Plin. vi. 36), may be compared : R. purpura-antiquorum is distin- 

 guished by Bory. 



Echium giganteutn of the Canary Islands. Woody-stemmed and called "taginaste" (Webb); 

 possibly affording the "Gaetulicam purpuram" of Juba II: — the "ligna rubra tingentia," distinct 

 from " verzino " (Caesalpinia sappan) but dyeing almost as well, is referred here by Webb : E. gigan- 

 teum was observed by him on the Canary Islands ; was received by the younger Linnaeus from Tene- 

 riffe, growing on rocks (Pers.). 



Euphorbia balsamifera of the Canary Islands. A woody-stemmed spurge, but its milky juice 

 sweet and innoxious : the " arbores similes ferulae, ex quibus aqua exprimatur, ex nigris amara, ex 

 candidioribus potui jucunda " — (Plin. VL37), may be compared : E. balsamifera is known to grow 

 on the Canary Islands (Aiton ii. 137, and Pers ), its juice is thickened to a jelly and eaten by the 

 natives (Iond. soc. tract geogr. plant.). 



Laurus till of the Canary Islands. A large tree called "til" (Major); and possibly the 

 "arbores" in question yielding water to drink: — certain til trees in elevated situations on Ferro, 

 exposed to fogs, are continually dripping " clear delicious water '' that forms a pool near the trunk 

 (Bont. 65) ; especially one gigantic tree called the " Garoe " or " Arbre Santo," of unknown antiquity, 

 overthrown by a hurricane before "June 12th, 1612," but which is mentioned by Galindo, Nierem- 

 berg, Garcia del Castillo, and Von Buch (Major edit. Bont. p. 125): L. till is distinguished by Poiret 

 (Steud.). 



"The same year = 2d year of the ' youan-cheou ' of Gai-ti " — (Chinese chron. table). 

 V One hundred and twenty-ninth generation. A. D. 1, Jan. 1st, mostly beyond youth : the Greek 

 philosophers, Sextius, and Sotion the younger; the medical writer Niceratus; other Greek writers, 

 Philistion, Thrasyllus, and Apollonides of Nicaea : the Latin writers, the poets Pedo Albinovanus, 

 Cotta; the satirist Cassius Severus ; the historian Fenestella; the orator Asinius Gallus ; the rhetors 

 Votienus Montanus, Haterius, Junius Gallio ; other Latin writers, Macer the younger, and Tuticanus ; 

 the Roman painter Ludius (Bryan). 



" In this year, Caius Caesar and* L. Aemilius Paulus " consuls (Clint.), Caius Caesar being absent 

 in the East. A letter to him is extant (Gell. xv. 7), in which Augustus names "ix. kalend. octobr." 

 as his own " sixty-fourth " birth-day. 



