OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 479 



Baeringda as Burmese king. — Who went to Tekkatho (Taxila on the Upper Indus), where he became 

 skilled in the knowledge of the Vedas. He reigned " twelve " years. 



"41, Jan. 24th" (Sueton., Clem. Alex., and Clint.), Caius Caligula succeeded by Claudius, fourth 

 Roman emperor. The hieroglyphic ovals of Claudius occur on temples at Dendera, Esneh, Edfu, and 

 Philae. 



The celebrated Series of Egyptian coins, of so much service to history and chronology, begins 

 with the reign of Claudius. — Nearly every year of the next two hundred and fifty-eight is accounted 

 for; on coins inscribed with the year of the reigning emperor, often too in a variety of patterns 

 issued. 



" Before the close of the year " (Jos., and Clint.), Samaria and Judaea added to the district governed 

 by Herod Agrippa. 



42 A. D. ("in the first year of Claudius, two thousand and fifty seventh ann. Abr., and two hun- 

 dred and fifth Olymp." of Euseb.), Christianity introduced into Alexandria and Egypt by the evangelist 

 Mark, " Peter's interpreter." 



"In the second year of Claudius" (according to Hieronymus sc. ecc), Peter proceeded to 

 Rome. As Rome and " Babylon " are considered identical by some writers, it may here be remarked : 

 that the "Babylon" of t Peter v. 13 is clearly the military station — bearing the name to the present 

 day, and situated not far from Cairo. While in Egypt, I heard of "remarkable Christian relics" 

 discovered in the vicinity, but did not see them. 



"43 A. D." (Sueton., Dio, and Clint.), expedition of Claudius into Britain, and conquest of 

 "Vectem" (Isle of Wight) ; Vespasian being one of the Roman commanders. Claudius was accom- 

 panied by his physician, Scribonius Largus (Sm. b. d.). ' 



Cerastium vulgatum of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain mouse-ear duckweed 

 (Prior), and the AVR ICVLAE-MVRI NAE prescribed against calculus by Scribonius Largus 153, — 

 and identified in Syn. Diosc. ii. 214 with the " lavotholavath " of the Numidians, may be compared : 

 the "myosoton " is described by Pliny xxvii. 8 as beginning to grow in midwinter and drying up in 

 midsummer : C. vulgare is termed " auricula muris " by Dodoens (C. Bauhin, and Willd.), " myosotis 

 arvensis hirsuta parvo flore " by Tournefort inst. 245 ; and is known to grow in North Africa and 

 throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Vaill. par. pi. 30 f. 3, Curt, 

 lond. ii. pi. 35, Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, the " muos 6ta " is so named according to Dioscon'des 

 from its leaves resembling a mouse's ear, is besides called "alsine" from flourishing in groves and 

 shaded situations ; and in the added Synonyms is further identified with the " mufiton " or "muorto- 

 hon '' or " murtosplenon " or " anthullion : " C. vulgatum was observed by Sibthorp, and Chanbard, 

 in the Peloponnesus and on mount Parnassus ; is known to grow also throughout Siberia (Ledeb., 

 and A. Dec.) ; and was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan, frequent and called, "fan 

 ru " or "fagu iera " or "fakobi." By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where 

 it continues a weed in waste and cultivated ground and has become naturalized; also to South Amer- 

 ica (Wats.). 



Cerastium viicosi/m, regarded as distinct, — is termed "alsine glutinosa" by Gesner (C. Bauhin, 

 and Willd.), " myosotis hirsuta altera viscosa " by Tournefort inst. 245 ; is described also by Dodoens ; 

 and is known to grow in North Africa and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland 

 and Iceland (Vaill. par. pi. 30 f. 1, Curt. lond. ii. pi. 34, Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, was observed 

 by Sibthorp from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus and Cyprus ; is known to occur in Abyssinia 

 (A. Rich., and A. Dec.) ; and was observed by Thunberg along roadsides in Japan, frequent and 

 also called "fakobi." By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it is known 

 to occur in Greenland and Iceland (Wats.), around trading posts in the Interior (Hook.), and accord- 

 ing to A. Gray in "grassy fields and copses " in our middle States "naturalized ; " to Austral Africa 

 (Drege and E. Mey.) ; and to Southwest Australia (Bartl). 



Trifolium squarrosum of the West Mediterranean countries. A species of clover: the TRI 

 FOLIVM-ACVTVMorOXYTRIPHYLLON growing mostly on Sicily and seen in Italy by Scri- 

 bonius Largus only at Luna harbour when on his way to Britain,* two feet high, bearing a general 

 resemblance to " pratense trifolium " but emitting " odorem gravem," — may be compared : T. squar- 

 rosum is described by Morison ii. 2 ; is termed " t. dipsaceum " by Thuillier 302 ; and is known to 

 grow in France and Spain, the lowest calyx-tooth very long and reflexed (Pers.). 



* Impatiens noli-tangere of Northern Europe. Called in Britain touch-me-not or balsam (Prior): 

 the NASTVRTII-ANIMATI-SEMINIS of Scribonius Largus 95 — may be compared; also the 

 " melago " identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the " balsamus " or " bawme : " the " persicariae sili- 

 quosae " whose fruit on the slightest contact leaps apart, is mentioned in 1635 Dv Cornuti p. 5 : I. noli- 

 tangere is described by Linnaeus ; is termed " i. palustris " by Persoon ; and is known to grow in 

 woods and wet places in France and as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 588, and Lam. fl. fr.). 



