482 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



in the Indian trade, proceeding from the Red Sea boldly out into the ocean discovered the regular 

 course of the prevailing winds, and first made known the monsoons to the Greeks. 



" In or about this year" (Samuel Aniens.), the apostle Bartholomew put to death at Arebonum 

 in Armenia. 



"In or about this year" (Meylan, and Jap. mann. 351), a " Braminical sect" "introduced into 

 Japan, the doctrines of which were, the redemption of the world by the son of a virgin, who died to 

 expiate the sins of men, thus insuring to them a joyful resurrection ; and a trinity of immaterial per- 

 sons, constituting one eternal, omnipresent, omnipotent God, the Creator of all." 



"51 A. D."(Sueton. Tacit, xii. 43, and Clint, see also Acts xi. 28), severe and wide-spread famine. 



" In the eleventh year of Claudius " (Euseb., appointed " before the twelfth," Jos. a. J. xx. 7. 1, 

 J. R. Beard in Kitt. cycl. bibl.), Felix entering upon his duties as procurator of Judea. 



"52 A. D." (Acts xxiv. 10, Sueton., Tacit, xii. 53, and Clint), Paul pleading before Felix, and 

 from this time held prisoner. 



" 53 A. D." (Sm. b. d.), marriage of Octavia daughter of Claudius, with Nero son of Claudius' 

 fourth wife Agrippina. 



. Unanita mnscaria of Europe. The " beletus medicatus " with which Claudius was poisoned by 

 Agrippina— (Plin. xxii. 46, Mart. i. 21, Juv. v. 147, and Sueton. xliv. 33), is referred here by Fraas, 

 and others : A. muscaria is described by Linnaeus ; and is known to grow in Italy, where it is called 

 " tignoso " or " uovolaccio " or " uovolo rosso " or " uovolo malefico " (Lenz). 



"54, Ou. 1 2th" (Tacit, and Clint), Claudius succeeded by Nero, fifth Roman emperor. The 

 hieroglyphic ovals of Nero, occur on the temple at Dendera. 



Andromachus, physician to Nero and author of a theriac or compound medicine long in repute, 

 the first person on whom the title "archiater" is known to have been conferred (Sm. b. d.). 



Galium verion of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Anglo-Saxon "cys- 

 gerun," in current English cheese-rennet (Prior), in French " caille-lait," in Danish " melklobe " 

 (Spreng.), in Germany " labkraut " (Grieb), in Italy "gallio giallo " or " gallio vero " (Lenz); in 

 which we recognize the r A A A Y of an antidote of Andromachus — (Gal. antid. ii. 1), or " galion " or 

 " gallerion " or " galation " named according to Dioscorides from coagulating milk, closely resembling 

 "aparine " in branch and leaves but erect with numerous slender sweet-scented yellow flowers on its 

 summit: G. verum was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, from Samos and Aetolia to the 

 Peloponnesus ; is known to grow also along the Taurian mountains and in Siberia (Bieb., and Wats). 

 Westward, is described by Lobel pi. S04 ; is termed "g. luteum " by Tournefort inst. 115; and is 

 known to grow in Italy and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Iceland and nearly to 

 Lapland (Hook., Wahl., and Wats.). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it has become naturalized in a few localities around Boston. 



" The same year " (= 52 -|- " 2 years " of Acts xxiv. 27, see also Jos. a. J. xx. 8. 9), by Nero, 

 Felix removed and Porcius Festus appointed procurator of Judaea. On the arrival of Festus, Paul 

 brought before him and A^rippa the younger ; and appealing " unto Caesar," sent to Rome. 



55 A. D. (Acts xxvii. and xxviii.), arrival of Paul in Rome, after shipwreck and wintering on the 

 island of Melita. 



"56 A. D. = 1st year of the ' kian-wou-tchoung-youan ' of Kouang-wou-ti " — (Chinese chron. 

 table). 



" In the reign of Kouang-wou-ti " (Topog. cant., and Pauth. 472), the barbarians brought horses : 

 ■walls of stone built by Ma-yuan, to prevent the irruption of foreigners from the South and West : the 

 Western nations about this time changed their name : and henceforward, the people of Tien-tchou 

 or India, Thsin or Roman Empire, and other nations, came by sea and held much intercourse with 

 Canton. 



57 A. D. (= 55 -f- " 2 whole years " of Paul's residence "in his own hired house" in Rome), 

 end of Luke's record, called the "Acts of the apostles." 



An inscription relating to Balbillus, prefect of Egypt under Nero, has been found near the 

 Great Sphinx at Gizeh. 



A demotic papyrus dated as late as the reign of Nero — is mentioned by De Rouge" (monit. 

 univers. Mars 1851). 



"58 A. D. = ' young-ping,' 1st year of Hiao-ming-ti "or Ming-ti, of the Han or Seventh dynasty — 

 (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth.). 



" The same year " (Sen. ep. 91, and Clint.), conflagration at " Lugdunensis colonia " (Lyons), in 

 the " one hundredth year " after its foundation. L. Seneca speaks of the rhetor Liberalis as sad- 

 dened by the news. 



The BLATTAR I A' BALNEA mentioned by Seneca, — are clearly baths infested with the small 

 cockroach, Blatla Gcrmanica. By European colonists, the insect was unintentionally carried to 

 Northeast America, where it has become frequent in damp places in dwellings. 



