484 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



236, Crescenzio, Matthioli 680 (Spreng.), and Dodoens pempt. pi. 404 ; is termed " c. sive flammula 

 repens " by Tournefort inst. 293 ; was observed by Tenore pi. 48 near Naples, by Forskal near Mar- 

 seilles ; and is known to grow in hedges and thickets in Barbary and as far as Switzerland (Scop., 

 All., Pers., Steud., and Lindl.). Is enumerated among medicinal plants by Lindley, the "leaves used 

 as vesicatories." (See C. vitalba.) 



Ranunculus parviflorus of the Mediterranean countries ? The BATPAXION: TPITON of 

 Dioscorides, diminutive and strong-scented with golden flowers, — may be compared : R. parviflorus 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the cultivated ground of the Peloponnesus. Westward, 

 the account of the " ranunculum tertium " by Pliny xxv. 109 seems taken from Dioscorides : but R. 

 parviflorus is termed " r. arvensis annuus hirsutus flore omnium minimo luteo " by Tournefort inst. 

 290, is known to occur in various parts of Southern Europe, and as far even as Britain (Pers., Engl, 

 bot. pi. 120, and Dec). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it 

 continues in "waste places" from Norfolk in Virginia to Georgia (Ell., Hook., A. Gray, and 

 Chapm.). 



Ranunculus lanuginosus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " spour- 

 thdk6kula"(Sibth.)or'"spourthakula" or "sphourthakla" (Fraas): and the BAT PA X I N : €TePON 

 also called C € A I N N . ATPION described by Dioscorides as taller and more woolly, with leaves more 

 divided, and growing mostly on Sardinia — may be compared: R. lanuginosus was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in wet springy soil from the Peloponnesus to Northern Greece. West- 

 ward, is termed "r. montanus lanuginosus foliis ranunculi pratensis repentis " by Tournefort inst. 291 ; 

 was observed by Moris i. p. 3 abounding on Sardinia (Spreng.), by Tenore neap. pi. 147 in Italy ; and 

 is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 397, Thuill., and Pers.). 



Aconitnm lycactonum of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain wolfsbane (Prior), in 

 which we recognize the AyKOKTONON identified by Dioscorides with the KVNOKTONON or 

 AKONITON €T6PONa cubit high, with platanus-like leaves but more divided and much smaller, 

 growing mostly on the mountains of Italy, and the root placed in meat to destroy wolves : — in the 

 added Synonyms, one of three kinds of "akoniton" is mentioned as employed in hunting, and the 

 "akoniton Stfiron" or "kuamon l£ukon " is identified with the " kolomSstroum " of the Romans: 

 A. lycoctonum is described by Gerarde p. S22, and Clusius hist. ii. pi. 94; and is known to grow in 

 mountainous situations in Italy, Hungary, and throughout middle Europe as far as Sweden and Lap- 

 land (Jacq. austr. pi. 380, Pers., Lindl.). The roots according to Lindley "have been used to destroy 

 wild beasts ; this is, however, reputed less venomous than many other species." 



Thalktrum flavum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain meadow-rue 

 ox fen-rue, or by old writers "pigamon" or "peganon" (Prior), in Greece "moulpia" (Fraas), in 

 Italy " talittro " (Targ.) ; and the 6 A A I K T P N growing according to Dioscorides chiefly in the open 

 country, its stem as stout as that of TT H f A N I Y, and on it coriander-like leaves, — is referred here 

 bv Fraas : the " thaliektron" is mentioned by Galen, and the "thalietron" by Paulus Aegineta (Spreng.) : 

 T. flavum was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. West- 

 ward, the "thalitruum" is described by Pliny xxvii. 113 as growing everywhere and having the stem 

 "papaveris," but the remainder of his account seems chiefly taken from Dioscorides ; T. flavum is 

 termed "th. majus siliqua angulosa aut striata" by Tournefort inst. 270; and is known to grow in 

 Italy and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland (Linn. fl. lap., fl. Dan. pi. 939, 

 Pers., and Lenz). 



Thalictrum minus of Europe and Northern Asia. Possibly included in the account of Diosco- 

 rides, — observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus, but according to Fraas is confined in Greece to 

 subalpine summits. Westward, is described by Tournefort inst. 271 ; is known to grow in Italy and 

 throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 732, Spreng., A. Dec, and Lenz). 



Delphinium tcnuissimum of the East Mediterranean countries. The A6 A * I N I O N : 6T6PON 

 of Dioscorides, resembling the first kind but with much more slender leaves and branches, and less 

 potent medicinal effects, — is referred here by Sprengel, and Fraas : D. tenuissimum is described by 

 Sibthorp pi. 505 ; and was observed by him, and Fraas, on the mountains of Attica and Southern 

 Greece. 



Leon/ice chrysogonum of the East Mediterranean countries. The XPYCOTONON having ac- 

 cording to Dioscorides oak-like leaves, its flower like coronary <J> A 0* UU, and its black rOITYAH- 

 like root red within and employed against bites of MY f A A H the shrew-mouse, — is referred here by 

 writers : L. chrysogonum is termed "leontopetalon foliis costae simplici innascentibus " by Tournefort 

 cor. 49; was observed by Sibthorp near Abydos on the Hellespont; and by Rauwolf 119, in Syria. 

 Westward, the "hrusogonon" or " hrusospSrmon " or " thaspin " or " origanon " or " arkophthal- 

 mon " is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the " arilaria " of the Romans : L. chrysogonum is described 

 by Morison iii. pi. 15 ; and was received by Barrelier pi. 11 13 from Corvinus in Italy. 



Hypecoum procumbens of the Mediterranean countries. Called in German "lappenblume" 



