OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 485 



(Grieb) : theYnHKOONorYTTO*eiUJN growing according to Dioscorides in culti vated ground, 

 its leaves 17 H TAN Ui-like, and medicinal properties those of poppy-juice, — is referred here by writers: 

 H. procumbens was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in sand along the seashore of the Pelopon- 

 nesus and Greek islands. Farther South, the "afikoon" is mentioned by Edrisi, and Ebn Baitar ; 

 but " H. patens" observed by Forskal p. 122, and Delile, on the Mediterranean border of Egypt, is 

 given as a distinct species. Westward, the account of the "hypecoon" by Pliny xxvii. 68, seems 

 taken from Dioscorides ; H. procumbens is described by Dodoens p. 449, and Lobel adv. p. 330 ; is 

 termed "h. latiore folio" by Tournefort inst. 230; was observed by myself on Malta; and is known 

 to occur in cultivated ground as far as France (Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



Corydalis claviculata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " hionistra " 

 from growing on high mountains near melting snow (Fraas) : the ICOFTYPON called according to 

 Dioscorides * A C I A N from its leaves in like manner terminating in a tendril, its numerous small 

 seeds tasting like those of M6 A A N0 I UU, — is referred here by Sprengel, and Lindley : C. clavicu- 

 lata was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in the Peloponnesus : and farther South, the 

 " aschkun " of Ebn Baitar is referred here by Sontheimer. Westward, the account of the " isopyron " 

 by Pliny xxvii. 70 seems taken from Dioscorides ; C. claviculata is termed "f. claviculis donata foliis 

 latioribus " by Tournefort inst. 422 ; and is known to grow in moist stony places throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 340, and Pers.). 



Cafipa.7-is? oblongifolia of Nubia and Yemen. Called in Yemen "asal" or "redif " (Forsk.) ; 

 and the acrid KATTn A P I C raising pustules in the mouth and ulcerating the gums, brought according 

 to Dioscorides from Libya and the Red Sea, — is referred here conjecturally by Sprengel : C. oblongi- 

 folia was observed by Forskal p. 99 and xcviii in Yemen, and is enumerated among "fastiditae et 

 nocivae " noxious plants. 



Epimedium alpinum of middle Europe. Called in Britain barren-wort (Gerarde p. 389, and 

 Prior), in Italy "epimedio" (Targ.), in which we recognize the €TTIMHAION of Dioscorides, — 

 and Pliny xxvii. 53: E. alpinum is figured in manuscript v of the Anglo-Saxon transl. Diosc. 163 

 (Harley and Cockayne) ; is described by Anguillara p. 253, Matthioli, Lobel (Spreng ) ; is termed 

 "epimedium" by Tournefort ; and is known to grow wild in shaded situations in Switzerland (Batsch, 

 and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in woods in the environs of Constantinople. 



Lepidium draba of the East Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " vr6m61ahanon " or 

 " maroulaki : " the APABH described by Dioscorides as herbaceous, a cubit high, with leaves 

 A€ TTIAIOY-like but softer and whiter, and a terminal elder-like corymb of white flowers, the plant 

 cooked and eaten especially in Cappadocia, and the seed substituted for pepper in seasoning, — is 

 referred'here by writers : the "maroulla" is prescribed as esculent by Alexander Trallianus verm. 4, 

 and the " maroullosporon " is mentioned by Maximus Planudae : L. draba was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in cultivated ground and along waysides from the Peloponnesus 

 throughout Greece ; is known to occur also in Roumelia and as far as Caucasus (Griseb., Bieb., and 

 A. Dec). Farther South, the "hurf moscharki " of Ebn Baitar is referred here by Sontheimer; and 

 L. draba was observed by Delile along the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, is termed 

 "1. humile incanum arvense " by Tournefort inst. 216; is known to occur in situations more or less 

 wild in Italy and Sardinia (Bertol., and Moris), and as a weed in cultivated ground in Spain and 

 middle Europe as far as Britain (Boissier, Pers., and Engl. bot. 2683). 



Biscutella lavigata of the Mediterranean countries. The AAYCCON growing according to 

 Dioscorides in rough mountainous situations, single-stemmed and roughish with round leaves and 

 fruit like a double shield, the seed within flatfish, and the plant employed among other medicinal pur- 

 poses against canine madness, — in the added Synonyms identified with the "aspithion" or " aplo- 

 phullon " or " akkusetSn " or " ath£s£ton," may be compared : B. laevigata was observed by Sibthorp 

 on Crete ; and farther South, the "aalussun " of Dioscorides, Galen, and Gafeki, is mentioned by Ebn 

 Baitar. Westward, B. laevigata is termed " leucoium alyssoides umbellatum montanum" by Columna 

 ecphr. pi. 285 ; and is known to grow in Italy, Portugal, and as far as Germany and France (Scop., 

 Brot., and Pers.). 



Biscutella apula of the Mediterranean countries. Possibly included with the preceding by 

 Dioscorides: — observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Rhodes ; and farther 

 South, received by Jussieu from Egypt (Del.). Westward, is described by Columna ecphr. pi. 234; 

 is termed " thlaspidium apulum spicatum " by Tournefort inst. 215; and is known to grow in Italy 

 (Pers.). 



Bunias erucago of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "agria goulia " (Fraas), in 

 which we recognize the ATPIA: ["OITYAH described by Dioscorides as growing in cultivated 

 ground, a cubit high, having smooth leaves, an involucred pod with an additional inner pod, and mixed 

 in preparations for cleansing the skin : — B. erucago was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, 

 in Southern Greece, frequent in cultivated ground. Westward, is termed "erucago segetum" by 



