486 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Tournefort inst. 232 ; and is known to grow in Austria and Southern France (Jacq. austr. pi. 340, 

 and Pers.). 



Aniridia deltoidea of the East Mediterranean countries. The C H C AM 06 I A6 C : TO : M I 

 KPON described by Dioscorides as growing in rough situations, the stems a span high, with KOPLU 

 NOTTOAI-like leaves, purplish flowers white in the centre, in which the seed is CHCAMUJ-like bitter 

 and yellow, — identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the " kor6nion " or " sesamon agrion," is referred here 

 by Fraas: A. deltoidea is termed "alyssum creticum foliis angulatis flore violaceo " by Tournefort 

 cor. is; and was observed by Sibthorp, Bory, and Fraas, frequent on the mountains of Crete and 

 Southern Greece. 



Sinapis erucoides of the West Mediterranean countries. The ATPION : 6 Y Z UJM N described 

 by Dioscorides ii. 169 and 187 as having leaves like € PYCIMO N and growing mostly in Spain, where 

 the seeds are used for mustard, — or the " eruca agrestis acrioris virtutis " of Isidorus xvii. 10. 21, may 

 be compared: S. erucoides is described by Barrelier pi. 132, is termed "sisymbrium erucoides " by 

 Desfontaines (Steud.), and is known to grow in vineyards and along roadsides in Italy and Spain 

 (Pers. ; see Brassica eruca). 



Hypericum quadrangnlare of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in modern 

 English floras St. Peter's wort, from "flowering on his day, the 29th June " (Ainsw., and Prior) : the 

 A CKY P N according to Dioscorides a kind of YTT£ P I KOY with slender reddish leaves and yellow 

 flowers, from its fruit of a resinous odour staining the fingers called ANAPOCAIMON, — seems 

 referred here by Tournefort : H. quadrangulare was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, frequent in 

 the environs of Constantinople. Westward, the account of the "ascyron " by Pliny xxvii. 20 seems 

 chiefly taken from Dioscorides : H. qurdrangulare is termed "h. ascyron dictum caule quadrangulo " 

 by Tournefort inst. 255 ; and is known to grow throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. 

 Dan. pi. 640, and Pers.). 



Althaea caunabiua of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Italy "canape selvatico " or 

 " canapa selvatica " (Lenz), in which we recognize the KANNABIC: ATPIAof Dioscorides, a cubit 

 hi»h with reddish flowers like AyXN I A I, seed and root as in AA6AIA, and its bark twisted into 

 cordage : — A. cannabina was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Fraas, along hedges in Greece as 

 far as Constantinople. Farther South, the " kunnab elbarri " of Ebn Baitar is referred here by Sonthei- 

 mer ; and A. cannabina was observed by Forskal not far from Cairo growing in the Desert. Westward, 

 the " kannavis agria '' or " uthrastina " is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the " terminalis " of the 

 Romans: A. cannabina is described by C. Bauhin pin. p. 316 (Spreng.) ; is termed " alcea cannabina" 

 by Tournefort inst. 93 ; and is known to grow in Hungary, Italy, and Southern France (Jacq. austr. 

 pi. 101, and Pers.). 



Afah'ii alcea of the Mediterranean countries. The A A K £ A of Dioscorides, a kind of wild mallow 

 having leaves incised after the manner of I6PAC; B T A N H C, stems with hemp-like bark, a small 

 rose-like flower, and five or six roots nearly a cubit long, — mentioned also by Paulus Aegineta, is 

 referred here by Brunfels i. f. 197, and others (Spreng) : M. alcea was observed by Gittard in the 

 Peloponnesus (Chaub.) ; and is enumerated by Clot-Bey and Figari as long known in Egypt. 

 Westward, the account of the "alcea" by Pliny xxvii. 6 seems taken from Dioscorides ; but M. alcea 

 was observed by Tenore in Italy (Bory), and is known to grow in France and German v (Lam. ill. pi. 

 582, and Pers.). 



Stella/ ia holostea of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain stitchivort or 

 all-bone (Prior), in Northumberland dead-man's bones (G. Johnst.) ; and the OAOCTEON of Dios- 

 corides — is referred here by Ainsworth, and others: S. holostea was observed bv Sibthorp around 

 Constantinople and in wooded portions on the Hcemus mountains. Westward, the "holosteum" 

 according to Pliny xxvii. 65 has narrow leaves and is devoid of hardness, having been named on the 

 principle of opposite qualities : S. holostea is figured in manuscript v as the "beowvrt" of the Anglo- 

 Saxon translation of Diosc. 154 (Harley and Cockayne): "stich-wurt" occurs in a manuscript of 

 the thirteenth century as a translation of " valeriane," a plant curing the sting of venomous reptiles 

 (Mayer and Wright p. 140, and Prior): S. holostea is described by Gerarde ; is termed " alsine 

 pratensis gramineo folio ampliore " by Tournefort inst. 243 ; and is known to grow in shaded situa- 

 tions throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 698, Curt. lond. ii. pi. 30, and 

 Pers.). 



Polycarpum tctrapliyllum of the Mediterranean countries. The TT A PUU N Y X I A growino- accord- 

 ing to Dioscorides in stony places and resembling TT £ FT A UJ but shorter, —is referred here by 

 Anguillara and others : P. tetraphyllum was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent 

 along roadsides from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople and the Greek Islands; by Delile, at 

 Alexandria on the Mediterranean border of Egypt. Westward, the "par6nuhia" or "athoketos " or 

 "nSuras" or " phrunion " is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the "vouinalis" of the Romans : P. 

 tetraphyllum is described by Anguillara p. 264, and Matthioli p. 734 (Spreng.) ; is termed "herniaria 



