488 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



far as the Northern shore of France and Maestricht in Lat. 50° 45' (Allion. pi. 6s, fl. Bat. i. p. 91, 

 and A. Dec). 



Cotyledon lutea oi Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The €TEPON;KOTYAHAONOC 

 also" called KYMBAAlON according to Dioscorides, having softer leaves like little tongues, astrin- 

 gent, a slender stem and on the top YTTC P I K UJ-like flowers and fruit, its root rather large, and 

 medicinal properties as in AeiZUJON,— is referred here by Sprengel : C. lutea was observed by 

 Sibthorp on rocks in Greece. Westward, the account by Pliny xxv. 101 of the " aliud " cotyledon 

 seems in great part taken from Dioscorides ; C. lutea is described by Dodart mem. pi 73 ; is termed 

 " c. radice tuberosa longa repente " by Tournefort inst. 90 ; is known to grow in Southern Europe as 

 far as Portugal, and even in England (Lam., Huds., Engl. bot. pi. 1522, and Pers.). 



Saxifraga media of the mountains of Southern Europe. Called in Greece "matia," and the 

 " gteren kotulethonos " of Dioscorides — is referred here by Fraas : S. media was observed by Sib- 

 thorp on the summit of the Bithynian Olympus, and by Fraas on the summit of Parnassus. West- 

 ward, is known to grow on the Pyrenees (Gouan obs. p. 27, Lapeyr. i. pi. 12, and Pers.). 



Myrrhis odorata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain sweet cicely 

 (Prior), in France " cerfeuil musque" " (A. Dec), in Italy '-mirride " (Lenz) ; in which we recognize 

 the C6CeAl iHeAonON N HCI AKON of Dioscorides, growing on mount Ida as well as in the 

 Peloponnesus, its leaves K UU N 6 I UJ-like, stem larger than in the MACCAA6UITIKOY kind, with 

 fragrant and more fleshy fruit, and the same medicinal properties : — M. odorata was observed by 

 Sibthorp in shady woods in Asia Minor. Westward, is described by Anguillara, and Dodoens 701 

 (Spreng.) ; is termed "myrrhis major vcl cicutaria odorata" by Tournefort inst. 315 ; was observed 

 by Lenz wild in Italy ; is known to grow in mountain woods as far as the Scandinavian peninsula 

 (Jacq. austr. app. pi. 37, Pers., and Fries) ; is cultivated besides and has become naturalized in France 

 and Britain ; the taste according to Persoon especially of the fruit which is large "anisatus." 



Rubia pcregrina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " agriorizari " 

 (Sibth.), and possibly included in the EPY8POAANON: ATP I A of Dioscorides: — R. peregrina 

 was observed by Sibthorp from Constantinople to the border of the Peloponnesus. Westward, is 

 described by Morison ix. pi. 21 ; is termed " r. sylvestris monspessulana major" by Tournefort inst. 

 114 ; and is known to grow in Russia, Central France, and as far even as Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 851, 

 and Pers). 



Gnaphalium arenarium of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The ATHPATON 

 named from its lasting flower according to Dioscorides, a shrub two span high and much resembling 

 P I T A N UJ, simple, with an uml el of flowers full of golden bubbles and smaller than in €A I X P Y 

 COY, — may be compared : G. arenarium was observed by Sibthorp on the summit of the Bithynian 

 Olympus. Westward, the account of the " ageraton " by Pliny xxvii. 4 seems taken from Dioscorides : 

 G. arenarium is termed '' elichrysum seu stoechas citrina latifolia '' by Tournefort inst. 453 ; is known 

 to grow in sandy soil throughout midi'.le Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 641), and according 

 to Persoon has occasionally crowded flowers •'capitulam efformantibus subrotundis aurantiis." 



Achillea ptarmica of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain sneeze-wort from its pow- 

 der causing to sneeze, in medieval Latin " sternutamentoria " (Prior), in Italy " sternutella " or 

 "tarmica" (Lenz), and the TTTAPMIKH of Dioscorides, having many small A B POTO N UJ-like 

 branches with elongate olive-like leaves around and a terminal A N 6 €M I AO C-like capitulum, pun- 

 gent in odour and exciting sneezing, — is referred here by Fuchsius. Sprengel, and others : A. ptar- 

 mica has not been observed in Greece ; but is known to grow farther East in Siberia (Lindl.). 

 Westward, is described by Tragus f. 61 (Spreng.) ; is termed "ptarmica vulgaris" by Clusius ; and 

 is known to grow in North Italy and from the Pyrenees throughout middle Europe as far as Den- 

 mark (fl. Dan. pi. 643, Dec. fl. 4. p. 211, Steud., and Lenz). By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, and has become naturalized sparingly in New England. According to Lindley, 

 "the whole plant is pungent, provoking a flow of saliva; its dried leaves produce sneezing " 



Achillea magna of the Mediterranean countries. The AXlAAeiOC of Dioscorides, with leaf- 

 lets obliquely incised and white or purple flowers, — is referred here by Fraas : A. magna was 

 observed by Sibthorp on Crete ; and by Fraas, on continental Greece, for he speaks of finding the 

 flowers sometimes red. Westward, is termed "millefolium maximum umbella alba " by Tournefort 

 inst. 496; and is known to grow in various parts of Southern Europe (Pers.. Poir., and Steud.). 



Achillea umbellata of the East Mediterranean countries. The CTPATIUUTHC:0:XlAlO- 

 *YA AOC of Dioscorides, diminutive, a span or more high, with leaves like the wing of a young bird, 

 and a crowded umbel of small white flowers, — may be compared: the "land stratifites " is also 

 mentioned by Galen simpl. 7 and 8: A. umbellata is termed "ptarmica humilis foliis laciniatis 

 absinthii aemulis " by Tournefort inst. 496 ; and was observed by Sibthorp on the mountains of 

 Greece "foliis tomentosis pectinato-pinnatifidis." 



Artemisia campestris of Europe and middle Asia. The APTCMICIA with AeiTTOTEPA 



