OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 491 



by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow in various parts of Southern Europe (Pers., and 

 Spreng.). 



Frankenia hirsuta of the East Mediterranean countries and middle Asia. The 6T6P A : A N 

 e Y A A I C of Dioscorides, in leaves and branches resembling X A M A I IT I T Y I but more hairy shorter 

 and rougher, flower purple, heavy-scented, and root as in K I X UU P I Y, — is referred here by Fraas 

 p. 114 and 171 : F. hirsuta is termed " alsine cretica maritima supina caule hirsute foliis quasi vermi- 

 culatis flore candido " by Tournefort cor. 45 ; was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, on the 

 seashore from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus ; by Hasselquist, on the Mediterranean shore of Egypt 

 near Alexandria (Del.) ; and is known to grow in Siberia (Pers.). Westward, Pliny xxi. 103 adds to 

 the account of Dioscorides, that the " altera " kind grows in stony places : F. hirsuta is known to grow 

 at the Southern extreme of Italy (Pers.). 



Hyoscyamus reticulatus of the East Mediterranean countries. The black-seeded Y C K Y A 

 MOC, having according to Dioscorides purplish flowers, CMlAAKI-like leaves, and the calyx-cup 

 hard and spinescent, — is referred here by Sprengel : the " hyoscyamus nigro semine " with flowers 

 "paene purpureis," is said by Pliny xxv. 17 to grow in Galatia : H. reticulatus is described by Clusius 

 parinon. p. 502, and Camerarius hort. pi. 22 ; is known on Crete and in Syria (Pers., and Spreng.) ; 

 and farther South on the border of Egypt, was observed by Delile near Salehyeh and Quatyeh, a vernal 

 plant. The flowers according to Linnaeusare red, beautifully reticulated with dusky veins. 



Lyciuvi Afru7ii of West Africa. The P A M N C : A £ Y K T 6 P A one of the three kinds distin- 

 guished by Dioscorides,— is referred here by Sprengel : L. Afrum is described by Trew and Ehret 

 pi 24 ; is termed "jasminoides linearifolium " by Moench ; is known to occur in Spain and Barbary 

 (Pers.), on the Canaries (Reichb.), the Cape Verd Islands (Schm.), in Guinea (fl. Nigr.) ; and was 

 observed by Drege and Meyer in wild situations in Austral Africa (A. Dec). Eastward, has been 

 met with in Egypt, Palestine, and at Medina in Arabia (Pers.). By European colonists, has recently 

 been "introduced from the Cape of Good Hope" into the environs of Bombay (Lush, and Graham). 



Linaria spuria of the Mediterranean countries. The eAATIN H growing according to Dio- 

 scorides in grain-fields and cultivated ground, its root giving out five or six slender shoots a span 

 long, leaves €Az I N H-like but smaller and rounder and hairy, austere in taste, — mentioned also 

 by Paulus Aegineta, is referred here by Lobel, and with a mark of doubt by Sibthorp : L. spuria 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Link, frequent in vineyards and cultivated ground from the Pelopon- 

 nesus throughout the Greek islands ; and farther South, by Delile, at Damietta on the Mediterranean 

 border of Egypt. Westward, the account by Pliny xxvii. 50 of the "elatine" seems chiefly taken 

 from Dioscorides : L. spuria is described by Lobel adv. p. 197 (Spreng.) ; is termed by Gerarde, 

 and others, male fluellin from its soft velvety leaves (Prior), "1. segetum nummularis folio villoso" 

 by Tournefort hist. 169 ; is known to occur in Sicily, Spain, and throughout middle Europe as far as 

 Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 913, Pers., Brot., and Guss.), was clearly introduced into Britain, and only 

 in Italy found outside of cultivated ground (Seb. and Mauri fl. rom. p. 203, and A. Dec). 



Linaria Graeca of the East Mediterranean countries. The " Slatine " of Dioscorides — is referred 

 here by Fraas : L. Graeca is described by Chaubard, and was observed by him, and Fraas, the most 

 frequent kind in cultivated and fallow ground in Attica and the Peloponnesus. 



Linaria elatine of the Tauro-Caspian countries. The " £latine " of Dioscorides, — and Pliny, 

 is referred here by Montigiano (Targ.) and others : L. elatine was observed by Sibthorp in vineyards 

 and cultivated ground throughout Greece as far as Constantinople, the Greek islands, and Cyprus ; 

 by Delile, at Alexandria on the Mediterranean border of Egypt; and farther East, is known to occur 

 in the Crimea, and to all appearance indigenous in the country South o* Caucasus (Hohen., C. A. 

 Mey., and A. Dec). Westward, is described by Matthioli p. 396 (Spreng.) ; is termed "1. segetum 

 nummularis folio aurito et villoso flore. luteo et flore caeruleo " by Tournefort inst. 169; is known 

 as a weed in cultivated ground in Algeria, Italy, and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark, 

 and was clearly introduced into Britain (fl. Dan. pi. 426, Pers., Lenz, and A. Dec). By European 

 colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in waste ground from Eastern Massa- 

 chusetts to North Carolina, "scarce" (A. Gray, and Chapm.). The plant according to Lindley "is 

 said to be bitter and purgative." 



Linaria A e^vptiaca of the Egyptian Desert. Called in Egypt "asjib ed dib " or "doraejse" 

 (Forsk.), and perhaps the " elarasch " identified with the " elathini " — by Ebn Baitar : L. Aegyptiaca 

 was observed by Lippi, Forskal, and Delile, from Memphis and Cairo to the Isthmus of Suez, indige- 

 nous in the Desert. Farther North, was observed by Sibthorp frequent in vineyards and fallow 

 ground and along hedges on the Greek islands. 



Linaria cyjnbalaria of the East Mediterranean countries. The XAMAIKICCOC growing 

 according to Dioscorides in cultivated ground, its root slender and worthless giving out five or six 

 leafy sprigs a span long, leaves ivy-like but more elongate, and flowers resembling A £ Y KO I I C 

 and strongly bitter, — may be compared : L. cymbalaria was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 



