492 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



on maritime rocks of the Peloponnesus and Cyprus. Westward, the "hamaikissos" or "kissos 

 akarpos" or "hamaileuke" or "ges Stephanos" or "splenitis" is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with 

 the "6th6ra plouviatika " of the Romans: the account by Pliny xxiv. 84 of the " chamaecissos " 

 having the flower of " alba viola," seems chiefly taken from Dioscorides : L. cymbalaria is known 

 to grow wild in Dalmatia and Italy (Vis., Chav., and A. Dec.) ; is termed "cymbalaria italica" in 

 the Second edition of Gerarde in 1636, " 1. hederaceo folio glabro" by Tournefort inst. 169, ivy- 

 leaved snapdragon by Lindley ; and escaping from cultivation made its appearance on old walls and 

 in humid situations around Bale after the days of Bauhin (Hagenb.), around Iena in the Seventeenth 

 century (Linn.), in Holland where it was previously unknown (Miq.), in Britain a little before 1640 

 (Park, theatr. p. 682), and in Ireland (Mackay). The plant according to Lindley "has a warm 

 cress-like flavour, and has been recommended as an antiscorbutic." 



Antirrhinum asarina of the Mediterranean countries. The "hamaikissos" of Dioscorides — 

 is referred here by Sprengel, and Fraas, and seems to agree better in the colour of its flowers, " albis 

 leviter purpurascentibus : " A. asarina was observed by Fraas among ruins near Lamia in Greece. 

 Westward, is described by Lobel obs. p. 329; is termed "asarina procumbens " by Miller; and is 

 known to grow in Southern France and as far as Geneva (Pers., and Spreng.). 



Mentha iotnentella of the Mediterranean countries. The KAAAMINeH:OP€INOT€PA 

 described by Dioscorides as whitish, with " 6kim6 "-like leaves and the flower purple, — is referred 

 here by Fraas : M. tomentella was observed in Greece by Link, and Fraas, not rare in dry situations. 

 Westward, was observed by Brotero in Portugal (Steud.). 



Polygonum hydropiper of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain water 

 pepper or cvderach or ciderage or culrage, in France " curage " or " cidrage " (Prior), in Italy " erba 

 pepe " or "idropepe" (Lenz), in Greece " agria pipouria" (Fraas) or by the Turks '• su biberi " 

 (Sibth.), in which we recognize the YAPOn£II6PI growing according to Dioscorides along slow- 

 moving or stagnant water, its stem geniculate, leaves larger than in HAYOCMU) and acrid like 

 pepper but not aromatic, and fruit in dense racemes arising in proximity to the leaves, — mentioned 

 also by Galen simpl. 8: P. hydropiper was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent in Greece in 

 the situations described by Dioscorides ; is known to grow also about Caucasus (Bieb.). Westward, 

 is described by Fuchsius p. 842, Anguillara iv. 115 (Spreng.), and Gerarde p. 361 ; is termed "persi- 

 caria urens seu hydropiper" by Tournefort inst. 509; and is known to grow in Italy and throughout 

 middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden and Iceland (Pers., Hook., and Wats ). By European 

 colonists, was carried prior to 1670 (Joss.) to Northeast America, where it continues in moist situa- 

 tions along roadsides and near dwellings, fairly naturalized. The plant according to Lindley "will 

 dye wool yellow," and the leaves are " so acrid as to act as vesicants." 



Passeritia hirsuta of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece "agria gSroklatha " 

 (Fraas) or "agrio thgrokallo " (Sibth.), in Egypt "metnan" (Forsk.) ; and the £Mn€TPONof 

 Dioscorides, purgative, near the sea saline to the taste but farther inland more bitter, — identified 

 in the added Synonyms with the "phakofithfis, is referred here by Dalechamp : the "phakoitbe's " is 

 mentioned also by Rufus Ephesius, and Oribasius vii. 25 : P. hirsuta was observed by Sibthorp, 

 Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent on the seashore, barren hills and plains from Crete and the Pelopon- 

 nesus to Cyprus, flowering in November ; by Forskal p. 81, and Delile, on the Mediterranean border 

 of Egypt, brought in the dried state in great quantities into Alexandria to be used in cooking. 

 Westward, is described by Dalechamp 1070, and Bauhin i. 595 (Spreng.) ; is termed " thymelasa 

 tomentosa foliis sedi minoris" by Tournefort inst. 595 ; is known to grow in Italy, Barbary, and 

 Southern France (Pers.), and was observed by Lapeyrouse as far as the Pyrenees (Steud.). 



Stalice sinuata of the shores of the Mediterranean. Called in Greece " prSphasis," and the 

 T P I FT A I N growing according to Dioscorides not on dry ground but in places inundated by the 

 sea, a span high, its stem dividing above, and flower said to change colour thrice a day. white in 

 the morning, purplish at noon, and in the evening red, — is referred here by Sibthorp, and Fraas : S. 

 sinuata was observed by them, and Chaubard, one of the most frequent and elegant seaside plants 

 of the Peloponnesus and Greek islands ; according to Fraas, presenting a white summit before flow- 

 ering, the flowers when expanded are blue, and in fading change to violet. Farther South, is known 

 to grow on the seashore of Palestine (Pers.). Westward, the "tripolion" or "psuhen " or " meris" 

 or "potamog£it6n " or " stahuites " is identified in the Syn. Diosc. with the " kolioumares " of the 

 Romans; the " tripolium" growing by the seaside, and by some called " polium," changing colour 

 thrice a day, is mentioned by Pliny xxi. 21 and xxvi. 22 : S. sinuata is described by Clusius cur. pi. 

 33 ; is termed " limodorum peregrinum foliis asplenii " by Tournefort inst. 342 ; and is known to °tow 

 on the seashore of Sicily, and Barbary (Desf. atl. i. p. 276, and Pers.). 



Statice limonium of the seashore in Northern climates. Called in Britain sea-lavender (Prior), 

 in Greece " thalassogamvros " (Sibth., and Fraas), in Egypt "e'rq angibar" (Del.) : the "isatis"- 

 like leaves but juiceless and broader, and fragrant root heating to the taste, in the description of the 



