OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



499 



Rosa canina of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain brier-rose or dog-rose (Prior), in 

 Italy "rosadi macchia" or " rosa canina" or " rosa selvatica " (Lenz), in Greece " agria trianta- 

 phullea," in which we recognize the " cynorrhodon " or " silvestris rosae " whose root sent out to a 

 Roman soldier in Lacetania in Spain was found to cure hydrophobia — (Plin. viii. 63 and xxv. 6): R. 

 canina is termed " r. sylvestris vulgaris flore odorato incarnato" by Tournefort inst. 638; was 

 observed by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow also in Italy and throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Denmark (Curt. lond. v. pi. 34, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal, 

 Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus ; by Kaempfer, 

 and Thunberg, in Japan, and called "foosen " or usually "ibara." Conserve of roses according to 

 Lindley is prepared " from the pulpy fruit of this and probably other allied species." 



Arum crinitum of the West Mediterranean countries. The " dracunculum " with a variegated 

 stem an inch in diameter, recently found in the same province of Spain — (Plin. xxv. 6), may be 

 compared : A. crinitum is described by Aiton, and the younger Linnaeus ; and is known to grow on 

 Minorca (Pers.). 



"69, Jan. 15th" (Sueton., Tacit., and Clint.), Galba succeeded by Otho, seventh Roman empe- 

 ror. The hieroglyphic ovals of Otho occur on a propylon at Thebes ; and his name, on coins issued 

 in Egypt. 



"April 19th " (Tacit., and Clint.), news received at Rome of the death of Otho. He was suc- 

 ceeded by Vitellius : whose name also occurs on coins issued in Egypt. 



" Dec. 21st " (Jos., Dio, and Clint.), Vitellius succeeded by Vespasian, now ninth Roman Empe- 

 ror. The hieroglyphic ovals of Vespasian occur on the temple at Esneh, on a building at Thebes, 

 and on an obelisk (now in Rome). 



"70 A. D." (Jos., Sueton., Clint., and Kitt. cycl. bibl. lit.), after a siege of "nearly five months," 

 Jerusalem captured by the Romans under Titus ; bringing the Jewish war to a close. With the tem- 

 ple, the city was now destroyed, " three towers and a part of the Western wall " being alone left 

 standing. 



" In this year" (Abyss, chron., and C. Mull, geogr. min. p. xcvii), Za-Adgaba succeeded by Za- 

 Agba, now king of Abyssinia. — He reigned " six months," and was succeeded by Za-Malis, who 

 reigned "six years " 



"In the reign of Kei-ko" (San-kokf transl. Klapr.), the barbarians of the East (Ainos) making 

 an irruption inflicted much damage on the Japanese ; a thing that never before happened.* 



"71 A. D." (Jos., and Clint.), at Antioch, persecution of the Jews repressed by Titus. At 

 Rome (Oros. vii. 9), "Sixth " closing of the temple of Janus ; the Romans being at peace with all 

 nations. 



"In this year" (Jap. centen. comm. 88), accession of ... . the son of Keiko, as dairo of 

 Japan. 



* Agaricus eburico of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. A fungus growing on the trunks 

 of Larix Lptostachys and called "eburico" by the Ainos ; one of the two medicines known to them, 

 employed internally against cholic, affections of the heart, vomiting, and worms — (San-kokf transl. 

 Klapr., and Sieb.). 



Larix leptostachys .of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called by the Japanese " fuzi mats," 

 and on account of the wood, — enumerated by Siebold among the useful plants of the Ainos. Observed 

 by Schrenk on Krafto (Sachalin) as far North as Lat. 50° (Sieb. p. 90). 



Urostelma ifcema of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. An Asclepiaceous plant called 

 " ikema '' or " penpu " by the Ainos, being the other medicine known to them ; employed both inter- 

 nally and externally in tumours, wounds, " rhumes tres forts," and fevers, — further described in the 

 San-kokf transl. Klapr. as creeping, growing also in the districts of Sendai and Simotske in Japan. 

 Known to Siebold only as growing on Yeso. 



Andropogon sp. of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called " nino," or by the Japanese 

 "kaze gusa ?" (Sieb.) ; apparently the " koutsi gousa " or mouth herb of the Japanese, so named 

 from being employed by the Aino women to paint their lips green ; tattooing around with black material 

 figures of flowers or other objects, and the same on the back of the hands and feet — (San-kokf 

 transl. Klapr.). 



Urtica most of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. Called " utarpe," or by the Ainos 

 " mosl," and the fibres used by them for weaving coarse cloth — (San-kokf transl. Klapr., and Sieb. 

 p. 169). 



Broussonetiat ats'ni of Yeso and the neighbouring countries. A tree called "ats'ni" by the 

 Ainos, the fibrous bark used by them for weaving coarse cloth — (San-kokf, and Sieb. p. 116 

 and 170). 



