OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 505 



Saponaria vaccaria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The CONDVRDVM herb, 

 belonging according to Pliny xxvi. 14 to the time of the Solstice and bearing a red flower, — is 

 referred here by Sprengel : S. vaccaria was observed by Sibthorp frequent in Greece and on the 

 Greek islands ; is known to occur in the Ukraine and about Caucasus and along the Altaian mountains 

 as far as Semipalatinsk (Kar. and Kir. in Ledeb.)- Westward, is described by Lobel adv. p. 148 ; is 

 termed "lychnis segetum rubra foliis perfoliate " by Tournefort inst. 335 ; and is known to occur in 

 waste and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe as far as the Baltic and " Lat. 54 30'," occa- 

 sionally making its appearance in Britain (Wats., and A. Dec). By European colonists, was carried 

 to Northeast America, where it has been observed by A. Gray "escaped from gardens and becoming 

 spontaneous in some places " in our Middle States. 



Vicia cracca of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A vetch called in Denmark "fuglevi- 

 kker" (Cockayne), in Germany " vogelwicke," in Italy "vezzon" (Lenz), in Greece "agrios vikos" 

 (Fraas) : the C R A C C A according to Pliny degenerating from legumes and grateful to pigeons — is 

 referred here by writers : and the ''fugeles bean" of gloss. Laud. 567, is referred here by Cockayne : 

 V. cracca is described by Clusius ii. 235 ; is termed "v. multiflora " by Tournefort inst. 397 ; and is 

 known to grow in Italy, Barbary, and throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland 

 (Lam. ft. fr., fl. Dan. pi. 804, Pers., and Wats). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, 

 and Fraas, frequent from the Peloponnesus to Caria and Cyprus ; and is known to occur in cultivated 

 ground in the Tauro-Caspian countries (Bieb.). By European colonists, was carried to Iceland 

 (Hook.), Greenland (Wats.), Newfoundland (Hook.), and thence perhaps to Canada and our Atlan- 

 tic States, where it has been observed by myself, sometimes in wild situations, from the Lower 

 St. Lawrence throughout New England ; is known to occur also as far inland as Kentucky (A. 

 Gray). 



Anthyllis barba-jovis of the Mediterranean countries. The BARBA'IOVIS enumerated by 

 Pliny xvi. 31 among woody plants avoiding water, and further mentioned as clipped in ornamental 

 gardens into roundness, the leaves silvery, — is referred here by writers: A. barba jovis is termed 

 "barba jovis pulchre lucens " by Tournefort inst. 651; was observed by Sibthorp on the isle of 

 Capri, and is known to grow on rocks in other parts of Italy and as far as Spain (Mill. pi. 41, Lam. 

 fl fr., Pers., and Lenz). Eastward, was observed by Gittard on the mountains around Philiatra in 

 the Peloponnesus (Bory). 



Ononis natrix of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy " erba bacaja " 

 (Lenz): the N AT Rl X herb of Pliny xxvii. S3, — is referred here by writers: O. natrix is termed 

 "natrix" by Rivinus tetr. pi. 69, "anonis viscosa spinis carens lutea major" by Tournefort inst. 

 409; and is known to grow from Italy throughout France and middle Europe (Mill. pi. 37, Pers., 

 and Lenz). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus, and along roadsides near 

 Smyrna. 



Cotoneaster vulgaris of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The G A L LI C VM mentioned 

 among the three kinds of M E S P I L I S by Pliny xv. 22 — may be compared : C. vulgaris is described 

 by Linnaeus ; and is known to grow in Switzerland and on the Pyrenees and throughout middle and 

 Northern Europe as far as " Lat. 58°" in Norway (fl. Dan. pi. 112, Pers., Fries, and A. Dec). 

 Eastward, was observed by Veit in Asia Minor (Fraas) ; and is known to grow on the mountains of 

 the Crimea, Caucasus, and in Siberia (Ledeb.). 



Pyrns {Arid) torminalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Italy "ciavar- 

 dello" or " sorbo torminale " (Lenz), in which we recognize the TORAAINALE described by Pliny 

 xv. 23 as a fourth kind of S R B A, having .the smallest fruit and leaves almost those of P L A T A N I, 



referred here by writers : A. torminalis is termed " c folio laciniato " by Tournefort inst. 633 ; is 



known to grow in Italy and Austria (Jacq. austr. pi. 443, Crantz, Pers., and Lenz) ; and was observed 

 by Sibthorp on mount Athos and around Constantinople. 



Sorbu\ aucuparia of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain mountain ash or wild ser- 

 vice tree or rowan or roan tree, in the Northern counties ran or royne, in Danish and Swedish 

 " rdnn " or " runn " (Prior) ; and theSORBIS'TRITIS with which C I N N A B A R I was adulterated 

 in the days of Pliny xxxiii. 39 — may be compared: S. aucuparia has long been held sacred in the 

 North, " supposed to have power to avert the evil eye," and its wood used for carving runes or 

 charms upon (Jamieson, and Prior) ; is known to grow in Labrador (Meyer), Greenland (Wats.), Ice- 

 land, and from Cape North in Lat. 71 to 47 30' in Bretagne, and on mountains as far as Switzerland 

 and the Pyrenees (Martins, and A. Dec). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos ; 

 is known to grow also on the mountains of the Crimea and Caucasus, and as far as Obdosk and 

 beyond in Siberia (A. Dec.) By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it 

 continues to be planted for ornament. 



Rosa villosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. TheALABAN DICAAA'VI LIOREAA 

 ALBICANTIBVS-FOLIISof Pliny xxi. 10 — is referred here by Sprengel : R. villosa is termed 



64 



