5oS CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



favourite garden flower; is described by Dillenius elth. pi. 34, and Knorr del. i. 3; was observed 

 by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople ; by Lush, at Dapooree near Bombay (Graham) ; by Thun- 

 berg, in vases in Japan, but no native name given. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast 

 America, where it continues frequent in gardens. 



Artemisia maritima of the North shore of the Mediterranean, and along the Atlantic as far as 

 Norway. The second ARTEMISIA, described by Pliny as tender with more slender leaves and 

 growing only in maritime situations, — may be compared : A. maritima was observed by Sibthorp 

 on the shore of the Bosphorus, near Constantinople. Westward, is termed "absinthium seriphium 

 belgicum " by Tournefort inst. 458 ; and is known to grow on the seashore of Italy and from Bel- 

 gium to Norway (Engl. bot. pi. 1706, Pers. and Lenz). 



Echinops ritro of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in English globe thistle : 

 the E C H I N PO D E according to Pliny xi. 8 one of the two plants from which bees do not procure 

 wax, — mentioned also by Plutarch frat. am. 13, is referred to this tribe by Tournefort: E. ritro is 

 termed "ritro flor. caeruleis " by Lobel ic. ii. 8, is described also by Miller pi. 130, and is known to 

 grow on barren hills in France (Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Forskal at the 

 Dardanelles ; and by Gmelin ii. pi. 46, in Siberia. (See E. Graecus ) 



Inula bubonium of the Uralian plains. The ASTER-AB-ALIQVIBVS-BVBONIONof Pliny 

 xxvii. 19 — is referred here by Scopoli and others: I. bubonium is described by Tabernaemontanus 

 543; was observed by Scopoli pi. 58 in Carniolia; by Jacquin app. pi. 19, in Austria; is termed 

 " i. salicina " by Pallas (Steud.) ; and is known to grow as far as the river Donez and Tauria 

 (Pers.). 



Carduits erisilhales of the mountains of Eastern Europe. The ERISITHALESof Pliny xxvi. 

 85, — is referred here by Sprengel, and others : C. erisithales is described by Linnaeus ; was observed 

 by Scopoli in Carniolia ; and is known to grow in subalpine meads on the mountains of Austria (Jacq. 

 austr. pi. 312, Pers., and Steud.). 



Carduits leucographus of the Mediterranean countries. The LEVCOGRAPH IS known to Pliny 

 xxvii. 88 only as reported useful against spitting blood, — is referred here by Sprengel : C. leuco- 

 graphus is termed "cirsium maculis argenteis notatuni " by Tournefort inst. 44S ; and is known to 

 grow in Italy and Southern France (All. pedem. 529, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Chaubard, in places somewhat moist in the Peloponnesus. 



Ceri uthc macula, a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The " leucographis " of Pliny 

 — is referred here conjecturally by Dodoens pempt. v. 1. pi. 13: C. maculata is termed "c. quin- 

 quemaculata" by Wahlenberg ; was observed by Allioni in Piedmont; by Pallas, and Bieberstein, 

 in the Tauro-Caspian countries (Steud.). 



Oxycoccus palintris of Northern climates. Called in Britain cranberry ox fen-berry or marsh- 

 worts, by Lyte vi. 11 " marrish whorts " (Prior): the S AM L VM - H E R B AM growing according 

 to Pliny xxiv. 63 inHVMIDISwet situations, — is referred here by Ainsworth, and Billerbeck : 

 O. palustris is described by Bauhin i. pi. 525 ; and is known to grow from Switzerland throughout 

 middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Hook., Pers., Dec, and Wats.) : and 

 Eastward, throughout Siberia to Kamtschatka (Gmel). Farther East, was observed by Chamisso 

 on Unalascha, by Mertens at Norfolk Sound, by Drummond in Lat. 54 on the Saskatchewan ; and 

 is known to grow from Baffin's Bay and Greenland to Newfoundland (Lapylaie, and Wats.) and Lat. 

 43 in our Atlantic States. 



Samolus Valerandi of Temperate Climates. Called in Britain brooA-we' d or water pimpernell 

 (Prior), in Italy "samolo" (Targ.), and probably the "samolum" in question: — S. Valerandi is 

 termed " s. valerandi" by Bauhin hist. iii. 791, " anagallis aquatica rotundo folio non crenato " by C. 

 Bauhin pin. 252, and known to grow throughout Europe and Northern Asia (Tourn. inst. 103, fl. 

 dan. pi. 198, Curt. lond. iv. pi. 20, Pers., and Wats.) : observed by Linnaeus, and Wahlenberg, on the 

 seashore of Sweden; by A. Decandolle, inland as far as Switzerland; by Lemann, on Madeira; by 

 Braun, on the Cape Verd Islands ; was received by R. Brown from Bornou in Central Africa ; by 

 Decandolle, from North Africa ; was observed by Forskal on Malta ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 from Crete to mount Athos and the Bithynian Olympus ; by Aucher 2597, in Persia ; was received 

 by Bieberstein from Tauria ; by Ledebour from Lithuania and Siberia from the Southwest to the 

 Southeast; by Duby from Coromandel in Tropical Hindustan. Westward, by Watson from the 

 Azores; by Hooker from Canada and the Northwest coast of America; was" observed by myself 

 along the Atlantic from 43° to 38 ; by Pursh, from Canada to Carolina; by Elliot, in South Carolina; 

 by Chapman, in "brackish marshes, Florida to Mississippi, and northward;" by H. Little, near 

 New Orleans; by Short, in Kentucky; by E. James, on the Canadian branch of the Arkansas. In 

 the Southern Hemisphere, by R. Brown in Australia; by Drege, and Burchell, in Austral Africa ; 

 by Gay, near Coquimbo in Chili ; and was received by Duby from Montevideo. Probably distributed 

 through its seeds enduring transport by ocean currents. 



